Chapter 3: Diversity, Social/Economic Justice, & Oppression

Question 1

Disability

Answer 1

Occurs when physical or mental health declines, associated with aging, illness, or injury restrict ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).

Question 2

Common Causes for Disabilities In Adults

Answer 2

1. Chronic Diseases (cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Musculoskeletal conditions (arthritis and osteoporosis.)
2. Injuries (due to accidents or falls)
3. Mental impairment (dementia and depression, and blindness and visual impairment)
4. Malnutrition.

Question 3

Factors That Can Minimize or Reduce Disability Later in Life

Answer 3

1. Nutritional & Behavioral (i.e: healthy foods & exercise, smoking avoidance/reduction)

2, Environmental (Living in accessible locations)

Question 4

Social Determinant of Health

Answer 4

Non-Medical Conditions that affect functioning and quality-of-life outcomes, including access to:

• Educational, economic, and vocational training
• Job opportunities
• Transportation
• Healthcare services
• Emerging technologies; availability of community-based resources
• Basic resources to meet daily living needs, language services, and social support
• Exposure to crime; community and concentrated poverty; and residential segregation.

Question 5

Health Disparities

Answer 5

Differences in the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist between specific groups.

Question 6

What factors contribute to of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity on Behaviors, Attitudes, and Identity Differences

Answer 6

• Language & Communication
• Geographic Location
• Worldview, Values, and Traditions
• Family and Kinship
• Gener Roles
• Social Economic Status and Education
• Immigration & Migration
• Sexuality
• Perspectives on Health, Illness, and Healing
• Religion and Spirituality

Question 6

Sexual Oreintation

Answer 6

An individual’s pattern of physical and emotional arousal toward other persons.

(People do not choose their sexual orientation—it is simply part of who they are.)

Question 7

Sexual Behavior

Answer 7

Sexual contacts or actions.

(It is important to realize that people’s sexual orientation may not fit perfectly with their sexual behavior (what they do sexually).

Question 8

Sexual Identity

Answer 8

The way people present their sexual preferences.

• People may have private sexual identities, which may be different from their public identities.
• Even private sexual identities can differ from sexual orientation or attractions. Many people who experience same-sex attraction and/or have sexual contact with others of the same sex do not see themselves as homosexual or bisexual.

Question 9

Transgender

Answer 9

People whose gender identity, expression, or behavior is different from those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth.

Question 10

Transition

Answer 10

When individuals begin living as the gender with which they identify rather than the gender they were assigned at birth, which often includes changing one’s first name and dressing and grooming differently.

Transitioning may or may not also include:
- Medical and legal aspects (taking hormones, having surgery)
- Changing identity documents to reflect one’s gender identity. (driver’s license, Social Security record)

Question 11

Discrimination

Answer 11

When an individual is treated differently (Micro Level)

Question 12

Institutional Discrimination

Answer 12

Refers to policies or practices that discriminate against a group of people based on these characteristics (achievement gaps in education, residential segregation, etc.).
(Macro Level)

Question 13

Plauralism

Answer 13

A society in which diverse members maintain their own traditions while cooperatively working together and seeing others’ traits as valuable

Question 14

Stratification

Answer 14

Structured inequality of entire categories of people who have unequal access to social rewards.

Question 15

Ethnocentrism

Answer 15

An orientation that holds one’s own culture, ethnic, or racial group as superior to others.

Question 16

Gender Role

Answer 16

The set of attitudes and behaviors socially expected from those with a particular gender identity.

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

Usually refers to a set of characteristics that are either seen to distinguish between male and female, one’s biological sex, or one’s gender identity.

Question 18

Gender Identity

Answer 18

The gender(s), or lack thereof, a person self-identifies as.
- It is not based on biological sex (either real or perceived)
- Nor is it always based on sexual orientation.

Question 19

Gender Fluidity/ Expression

Answer 19

When gender expression shifts between masculine and feminine, can be displayed in dress, expression, and self-description.

Question 20

Gender Pronoun

Answer 20

The pronoun that a person chooses to use to be referred to in a sentence or conversation.

Question 21

Pro-Noun Privilege

Answer 21

Occurs when one does not have to worry about which pronoun is going to be used based on gender perception.

Question 22

Gender Role Theory

Answer 22

Emphasizes the environmental causes of gender roles and the impact of socialization, or the process of transferring norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors to group members, in learning how to behave as a male or a female

Question 23

Social Justice

Answer 23

is the view that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities

Question 24

Economic Justice

Answer 24

It is a set of moral principles for building economic institutions, the ultimate goal of which is to create an opportunity for each person to create a sufficient material foundation upon which to have a dignified, productive, and creative life.