Chapter 3 - Descartes, Kant, Sarte

Question 1

their views center on the mind or rationality

Answer 1

modern conception

Question 2

father of modern philosophy

Answer 2

rene descartes

Question 3

you’re you who is capable of thinking; everything can be doubted, except for this

Answer 3

thinking self

Question 4

concerned of searching the truth that cannot be doubted

Answer 4

rene Descartes

Question 5

“cogito, ergo sum” meaning

Answer 5

I think therefore I am - Rene Descartes

Question 6

rationalist vs empiricist

Answer 6

rationalist: knowledge from reason
empiricist: knowledge from experience

Question 7

specific kind of method to reach doubt

Answer 7

methodic doubt

Question 8

what is methodic doubt

Answer 8

you doubt everything that can be doubted to achieve certainty

Question 9

human person according to Descartes:
- distinct from the physical world

Answer 9

res cogitans - thinking self

Question 10

human person according to Descartes:
- first comes in contact from the physical world

Answer 10

res extensa - extended self

Question 11

doubting one’s own doubt is a contradiction in and of itself.

Answer 11

performative contradiction

Question 12

according to Descartes, mind may exist outside of the body T or F

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

the essence of being human is that we are all

Answer 13

thinking things

Question 14

according to Descartes, what determines a person’s sense of self and identity.

Answer 14

mind

Question 15

his philosophy revolves around rational autonomy

Answer 15

Immanuel kant

Question 16

rationality vs autonomy

Answer 16

rationality: use of reason to make judgement

autonomy: make moral choices freely and independently

Question 17

to make moral choices freely and independently

Answer 17

autonomy

Question 18

make use of reason in making moral judgements

Answer 18

rationality

Question 19

being aware of moral responsibilities

Answer 19

rational autonomy

Question 20

according to kant, the only thing that is absolutely good and without classification is

Answer 20

“goodwill”

Question 21

Human actions or decisions are morally valuable only if

Answer 21

they are accompanied, done, or inspired by goodwill

Question 22

if you do an action, then everyone else should also be able to do it.

Answer 22

principle of universal law - Kant

Question 23

Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.

Answer 23

principle of humanity or ends

Question 24

we do not need an external authority to determine the nature of the moral law since we can discover this for ourselves.

Answer 24

principle of autonomy

Question 25

influential intellectual figure who introduced existentialism and Marxism in France.

Answer 25

John Paul sarte

Question 26

authenticity of being and being responsible for one’s existence and others.

Answer 26

existentialism

Question 27

human life is not predetermined by any divine being

Answer 27

sarte

Question 28

life has no meaning unless we shape our own purpose in life

Answer 28

sarte