Chapter 3 Definitions

Question 1

additional reaction

Answer 1

a reaction that involves the breaking of a multiple bond and the addition of a new atom in the compound

Question 2

alkane

Answer 2

a compound of carbon and hydrogen containing only single bonds

Question 3

akene

Answer 3

a compound of carbon and hydrogen that contains carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 4

allotrope

Answer 4

different physical form of the same element

Question 5

anion

Answer 5

a negatively charged atom or groups of atoms; formed by the addition of electron/s

Question 6

aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 6

hydrocarbon containing one or benzene rings

Question 7

bonding pair

Answer 7

a pair of electrons shared by two atoms to form a covalent bond

Question 8

cation

Answer 8

a positively charged atom or groups of atoms; formed by the loss of electron/s

Question 9

chemical bond

Answer 9

the electrostatic force of attraction between the protons and electrons of participating atoms

Question 10

compound

Answer 10

a pure substance composed of more than one type o atom chemically combined in fixed proportions

Question 11

covalent bond

Answer 11

the electrostatic force of attraction between shared negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei; results in a molecule or covalent lattice

Question 12

covalent molecular substance

Answer 12

a discrete molecule in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonding

Question 13

covalent network substance

Answer 13

a 3D network of covalently bonded atoms

Question 14

delocalised electron

Answer 14

an electron that is detached from its atom and is free to move about within the structure

Question 15

directional bonding

Answer 15

bonding that is in a direct line between adjacent particles; typical of covalent bonding

Question 16

double covalent bond

Answer 16

a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared

Question 17

electron dot formula

Answer 17

representation of an atom or ion using dots or crosses to show only valence electrons

Question 18

empirical formula

Answer 18

the simplest whole number ratio of the elements in a chemical compound

Question 19

hydrocarbon

Answer 19

a chemical compound composed of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 20

intermolecular bond

Answer 20

the electrostatic forces of attraction between molecules in close proximity

Question 21

intramolecular bond

Answer 21

the electrostatic force of attraction that holds atoms together within a molecule

Question 22

ion

Answer 22

a charged atom, either positive or negative (losing or gaining electrons)

Question 23

ionic bond

Answer 23

the electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged cations and negatively changed anions; results in an ionic compound with a 3D lattice structure

Question 24

isomers (structural)

Answer 24

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Question 25

metallic bond

Answer 25

the electrostatic force of attraction that holds metal atoms together; acts between negatively charged delocalised valence electrons and positively changed metal cations

Question 26

multiple covalent bond

Answer 26

a covalent bond in which more than one pair of electrons are shared

Question 27

non-bonding or lone pair

Answer 27

a valence pair of electrons present in a covalent substance that is not involved in the covalent bond

Question 28

non directional bonding

Answer 28

bonding that occurs in most directions; typical of metallic and ionic bonding

Question 29

organic chemistry

Answer 29

the branch of chemistry that studies carbon compounds

Question 30

polyatomic ions

Answer 30

an ion that consists of two or more atoms that are strongly bonded by covalent bonding

Question 31

saturated compound

Answer 31

a compound that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds

Question 32

substituent

Answer 32

an atom or group of atoms that has replaced a hydrogen atom on a hydrocarbon

Question 33

transition metal

Answer 33

the metals in groups 3-12 of the periodic table

Question 34

triple covalent bond

Answer 34

a covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared

Question 35

unsaturated compounds

Answer 35

compounds in which there is at least one multiple bond (double or triple) between the carbon atoms

Question 36

valence electron

Answer 36

an electron in the valence shell of an atom in is ground state

Question 37

valency

Answer 37

the combining power of an atom equal to the number of hydrogen atoms that atom could combine with or displace from a compound (hydrogen has a valency of 1)