Chapter 3, Crime Control Philosophies

Question 1

Tough on Crime; deterrence, incapacitation, selective incapacitation, retribution

Answer 1

Retribution: based on notion of taking revenge on wrongdoers; lengthy prison terms, capital punishment
Deterrence: by harshly punishing offenders it will stop violent crime; DOESNT HELP
Deterrence usually only works with SCS: swiftness (sure that what they did is actually a crime), certainty (must know that punishment is certain and will be severe), and severity; HOWEVER MIGHT NOT BE GOOD FOR DUE PROCESS RIGHTS
Incapacitation: offenders held apart from society
Selective Incapacitation: locking up career criminals based on the three strikes and your out BUT DOESNT ACTUALLY REDUCE CRIME

Question 2

Just deserts retribution

Answer 2

“Just deserts” Retribution: wrongdoers will get whats coming to them, punishment should reflect seriousness of the crime

Question 3

SECTION 753 of the Criminal code

Answer 3

enables judges to designate individuals as dangerous if they are considered to be a threat to public safety

Question 4

National Flagging System: i

Answer 4

individuals convicted of serious crimes can be flagged for enhanced prosecution if they reoffend
Canadian Police Info Centre: database that can be accessed by law enforcement personnel that reports the criminal histories of CANADIANS

Question 5

Reformation/Restoraive Justice; rehabilitation, iron law of imprisonmnt, restitution, circle sentencing

Answer 5

Rehabilitation: when an offender makes positive changes in their attitudes/behaviours so they can live crime free
Restitution: compensation families, victims, etc.
Iron Law of Imprisonment: maintains that with the exception of a small number of prisoners who die behind bars, they all come back to society, and there it is in the public’s best interest that these prisoners are released to the community with fewer psychological problems
Restorative Justice: argue that the focus of an adversarial justice system on the offense and assigning blame isn’t successful, focuses on the harms that occurred when a crime was committed and the steps offenders must take to repair the damage to the victim and community
Focus on problem solving, obligations, direct involvement by participants, removing stigma of crime, reconciliation, restoring debts
Circle Sentencing: developed for Indigenous offenders. And the consequences or sanctions for the offender are developed by a judge after consultation with members of a circle

Question 6

Youth Justice Conference, Restorative Justice

Answer 6

Youth Justice Conference: group of people who are asked by a decision maker, such as a judge, to come together to give advice on the case of a youth person involved in the youth criminal justice system

Question 7

Recidivism

Answer 7

: reoffending

Question 8

Conflict Perspective

Answer 8

Police, courts, and correctional systems are used by the powerful to maintain their privileged status
Marxist
Conflicts between group are driven by unequal access and therefore the poor, students, women or minorities challenge the status quo, therefore powerful use the justice system to dampen their power
Criminilizing the homeless

Question 9

Penal Populism

Answer 9

THE TOUGH ON CRIME PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPS POLICY BASED ON “COMMON SENSE PUNISHMENT” IE. CHRISTIAN CONSERVATIVES WHEN THAT IS NOT ACTUALLY SUPPORTED
Penal Populism: THE TOUGH ON CRIME PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPS POLICY BASED ON “COMMON SENSE PUNISHMENT” IE. CHRISTIAN CONSERVATIVES WHEN THAT IS NOT ACTUALLY SUPPORTED
PROBLEM^^: ineffective or harmful policies, not actually using evidence-based support

Question 10

CSI Effect

Answer 10

TV shows that highlight forensic investigation create this effect, misrepresents how fast investigations are conducted, CREATES UNREALISTIC VIEWS OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Forensic Awareness Effect: criminals may use the information in these shows to know how to commit crimes undetected
Males are more likely to be crime victims??

Question 11

Why are rates of indigenous crime so high

Answer 11

WHY: marginalization, history of discrimination, forced assimilation, involvement in street crime, and biased treatment in the system

Question 12

Corrections and Conditional Release Act, 1987:

Answer 12

provided correctional programming to address the unmet needs of Indigenous federal inmates

Question 13

“Evil Woman Hypothesis”:

Answer 13

when females commit distinctly “male-like” crimes the criminal justice system responds more harshly to them