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PSYCH ASSESSMENT > CHAPTER 3: CORRELATION AND REGRESSION > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3: CORRELATION AND REGRESSION Flashcards

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1
Q

What is correlation analysis?

A

Relationship or Association of two variables

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2
Q

What is bivariate analysis?

A

To see the difference of the two scores of a person

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3
Q

What are the two ways to see the result of correlational analysis?

A

Scatter diagram and regression analysis

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4
Q

What is scatter diagram?

A

It is a way to see the relationship of two variables in a picture

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5
Q

What is regression analysis?

A

It is the analysis that a change of one variable (y) can predicts another variable (X)
Linear equation

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6
Q

What are two ways to get the equation of regression?

A

Intercept and slope

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7
Q

What is intercept?

A

The value is given to y when X is zero

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8
Q

What is slope?

A

The degree of relatedness of two variables

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9
Q

What is the value of intercept?

A

0 or zero

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10
Q

What will you do if the value of intercept is zero?

A

Use z scores to standardized units

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11
Q

What is the result of correlation analysis?

A 
Correlation coefficient (r) 
It assess the magnitude and direction of relationship
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12
Q

What are the three interpretation of correlation?

A

Positive, Negative and No correlation

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13
Q

It is the influence of external that could be a reason of the relationship of two variables

A

Third variable

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14
Q

How to determine the strength of correlational relationship?

A
  1. Coefficient of Determination

2. Coefficient of Alienation or Non-determination

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15
Q

What is coefficient of determination?

A

% of variation of one variable to another variable

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16
Q

What is coefficient of alienation?

A

% of variation of unknown information of one variable to another variable

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17
Q

It is the best-fitting line and principle of least squares

A

Regression line or trend line

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18
Q

Regression line is describe by ___?

A

Regression equation

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19
Q

What is the formula of regression equation?

A

Y = a + bX

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20
Q

It is the ratio of variance to covariance

A

Regression coefficient (b)

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21
Q

It is the slope of regression line

A

Regression coefficient (b)

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22
Q

It is the sum of squared deviation around the mean

A

Sum of squares

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23
Q

It is the relationship of two random variables and how the scores vary

A

Covariance

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24
Q

It is the difference of the predicted value (Y) from the regression equation and observed value (X) or the vertical distance of the two

A

Residuals

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25
Q

It is the SD of regression obtained from regression equation

A

Standard error of Estimate

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26
Q

What is the mutlivariate analysis?

A

It studies 2 or more variables

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27
Q

What are the three methods of mutivariate?

A

Multiple regression, Discriminant analysis and Factor analysis

28
Q

What is multiple regression?

A

It is one criterion versus 2 or more predictor variables

29
Q

What is discriminant analysis?

A

It is one categorical criterion vs 2 or more predictors

30
Q

What is factor analysis?

A

Reducing the larger set of variables into smaller set of variables

Interrelationship of two set of variables without a reference of criterion

31
Q

Who is the founder of regression?

A

Francis Galton

32
Q

He is continue to study the regression to create a new statistical method

A

Karl Pearson

33
Q

It a measurement of strength (magnitude) and direction of the relationship of two variables

A

Pearson correlation coefficient or correlation coefficient

34
Q

What is positive correlation?

A

Both variable increases

35
Q

What is negative correlation?

A

One variable increase, One variable decreases

36
Q

What is no correlation?

A

Variables has no relationship

One variable increase nor one variable decreases

37
Q

It refers to the number of independent observations in a set of data.

A

Degrees of Freedom (Df)

38
Q

It used to estimate population parameters when the sample size is small and/or when the population variance is unknown.

A

T - Distribution or Student’s T - Distribution

39
Q

T distribution is determined by ___>

A

Degrees of Freedom (Df)

40
Q

In regression analysis, It is data point that diverges greatly from the overall pattern of data is called ____

A

Outlier

41
Q

It refers to the distributions of data that have many more observations on one side of the graph than the other.

A

Skewness

42
Q

Distributions with one clear peak are called ___

A

Unimodal

43
Q

Distributions with two clear peak are called ___

A

Bimodal

44
Q

It is an attribute used to describe the shape of a data distribution. What are the two kinds?

A

Symmetry

Symmetrical and asymmetrical

45
Q

It is a categorical variables with two categories or levels. Example is head or tails

A

Dichotomy variables

46
Q

It is a sub-type of dichotomous variable
The variables assigned either a 0 or a 1.
For example Male (0) and female (1).

A

Binary variable

47
Q

He was the first person to measure correlation, originally termed “co-relation,”

A

Francis Galton

48
Q

He used “Coefficient of Correlation” in his two papers.

A

Karl Pearson

49
Q

A special case of Pearson correlation coeffient which measures the continuous/ true and discrete/artificial variable

A

Biserial Correlation

50
Q

Dead or alive is example of ___ dichotomy variable

passed or failed is example of ___ dichotomy variable

A

discrete/ true

continous/artificial variable

51
Q

A special case of Pearson correlation coeffient between two dichotmous variables

A

Phi coefficient

52
Q

It measure rater agreement for binary data.
A binary data is data with two possible answers—usually right or wrong.
This tells you how strong (or weak) the association is between ratings for two raters.

A

tetrachoric coefficient

53
Q

It is the relationship of each variable to the underlying factor

A

Factor loading

54
Q

It is transformation method used to rotate the axes created by factors

A

Methods of rotation

55
Q
  • It remove the unit of measurement of predictor and outcome variables. They are sometimes called betas.
  • They serve as standardized effect size statistics.
  • They allow you to compare the relative effects of predictors measured on different scales.
A

Standardized Regression Coefficients (B’s)

56
Q

How to make a standardized Regression Coefficients? (B’s)

A

Convert the units into Z scores

57
Q

It is unstandarized coeffiecients which describes the relationship between the predictor and dependent variable in terms of original or raw units of measurement.

A

Raw regression coefficients (b’s)

58
Q

How to make a Raw Regression Coefficients? (B’s)

A

Do not make z scores

59
Q

He got the factors of trust

A

Rotter

60
Q

What are three factors of trust?

A

Institutional trust, Sincerity Trust, and Caution Trust

61
Q

.70+

A

very strong correlation

62
Q

.40 - .69

A

Strong correlation

63
Q

.30 - . 39

A

Moderate correlation

64
Q

.20 - . 29

A

Weak correlation

65
Q

.01 - .19

A

no or neglible correlation

66
Q

0

A

Zero correlation

PSYCH ASSESSMENT (4 decks)

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