Chapter 3- Consciousness, sleep Flashcards
Meaning of consciousness
At a basic level, consciousness means awareness. There are several kinds of awareness.
Hallucinations fall into what
NREM 1
Psychologists considered the study of consciousness important:
the beginning of the discipline’s history, as well as since about 1960.
Sleep deprivation may encourage the development of obesity because it _____ levels of the hormone cortisol and _____ the body’s metabolism.
increases; decreases
Dual Processing
is the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.
A researcher develops a self-report questionnaire assessing “morningness.” High scores indicate the tendency toward being a lark, or morning person, whereas low scores indicate the tendency toward being a night owl. Based on the textbook’s discussion, the researcher should find a _____ correlation between scores on this measure and scores on a measure of the Big Five trait of openness and a _____ correlation between scores on this measure and scores on a measure of the Big Five trait of conscientiousness.
Negative: positive
Chuck is a middle-aged, overweight man who snores loudly and feels very sleepy during the day. Chuck may be suffering from:
sleeping apnea
consciousness
our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
Parallel processing
processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem at once.
Blindsight
a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.
Sequential processing
processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.
The unusual convergence of several space-time anomalies lands Wundt, James, Watson, and Skinner at the May 2018 conference of the Association for Psychological Science in San Francisco, California. Noticing the current emphasis on consciousness in psychology, _____ would be _____.
Wundt; gratified
[ Watson and Skinner were behaviorists]
Sleep REM
rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active
Attention
is the capacity to selectively focus awareness on particular stimuli in your external environment or on your internal thoughts and sensations.
Esther dreams that she is flying. Her psychoanalyst suggests that such a dream represents a hidden desire for sexual intercourse. According to Freud’s wish-satisfaction theory of dreaming:
flying is the manifest content.
Consciousness is considered an important topic of study by _____ perspective _____ perspective.
psychologists of the cognitive; but not by those of the behaviorist
Julie had a dream that her mother was angry at her for some unknown reason. Sigmund Freud might suggest that the dream actually means that she is envious of her mother and that the superficial meaning of the dream was just a cover for the _____ content, or underlying meaning.
latent
Dr. Maida examines the brain activity that accompanies mathematical problem solving. Dr. Maida is BEST described as a(n):
cognitive neuroscientist
The sleep-wake cycle provides an example of:
a circadian rhythm.
Which psychoactive drug produces a quick and very powerful rush of euphoria?
cocaine
The genes associated with alcohol use disorder and tobacco dependence appear to produce deficiencies in the brain pathways associated with the neurotransmitter:
dopamine
While surfing in Hawaii, Marcus was thrown by a huge wave that caused his surfboard to hit his head, causing him to temporarily lose consciousness and almost drown. After being revived by a fellow surfer, Marcus reported seeing a light in a tunnel that he felt impelled to enter. This experience can be explained as being caused by:
Oxygen deprivation to the brain
Alcohol initially produces feelings of euphoria, talkativeness, and outgoing behavior because it:
depresses activity in the brain regions involved with self-control and judgment, lowering inhibitions.
The elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered by the dreamer
Manifest content
The perception of vivid geometric images and dream-like scenes is most likely to be triggered by:
LSD
