Chapter 3: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Question 1

Von Nageli

Answer 1

Discovered the chromosome

Question 2

Waldeyer

Answer 2

Coined the term “chromosome”

Question 3

Chromosome Composition

Answer 3

Chromatin (nucleoprotein)
Heterochromatin (highly condensed, inactive)
Euchromatin (diffuse, active)

Question 4

Types of Nuclear Division

Answer 4

Mitosis
Meiosis

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Maintains Chromosome number
Somatic cells

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

Reduces chromosome number by half
Gametes

Question 7

Haploid Number (n)

Answer 7

Number describing a single set of chromosomes
i.e. gametes

Question 8

Diploid (2n)

Answer 8

Number describing 2 complete sets of chromosomes
i.e. humans: 2n = 46

Question 9

Aneuploid

Answer 9

Abnormal number of chromosomes
Monosomy
Trisomy

Question 10

Monosomy

Answer 10

Loss of one

Question 11

Trisomy

Answer 11

Gain of one

Question 12

Polyploid

Answer 12

Having greater than two complete sets of chromosomes
3, 4, 6, 8 duplicate sets
i.e.
Triploid
Tetraploid
Hexaploid

Question 13

Triploid

Answer 13

i.e. seedless watermelon

Question 14

Tetraploid

Answer 14

i.e. cotton

Question 15

Hexaploid

Answer 15

i.e. wheat

Question 16

Centromere

Answer 16

Heterochromatin
Functions during cell division
Location defines p (short) and q (long arms)
Metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric