Chapter 1: Mendel's Principles Of Heredity Flashcards
Genes
The basic units of biological information
A specific segment of DNA in a discrete region of a chromosome that serves as a unit of function by encoding a particular RNA or protein
Heredity
The way genes transmits traits from parents to offspring
Parental transmission of physiological, anatomical, and behavioral traits
Inherited genes determine individual traits
Genome
All the genes you possess
The sum total of genetic information in a particular cell or organism
Genetics
The science of heredity
The study of biological structures and mechanisms that determine inheritance
Self - fertilization
Fertilization in which both egg and sperm come from the same plant or animal
Cross- fertilization
Carry out a fertilization where the sperm and the egg come from two different organisms
Discrete trait
An inherited trait that exhibits an either/or status
Continuous trait
Inherited Trait that is controlled by many different genes, and sometimes environment factors
Pure-breed
True- breed
Organisms that produce offspring with parental traits that remain constant from generation to generation
Homozygote
Inbred
Individuals or a population of organisms produced by matings of close genetic relatives
Hybrid
Offspring with genetically dissimilar parents
Heterozygotes
Reciprocal Crosses
The characters of traits in the males and females reversed relative to the other, thereby controlling whether a particular character is transmitted by the male or female gamete
Alternate male and female parents
Parental generation
P1
Pure-breeding
Individuals whose offspring in subsequent generations will be studied for specific traits
Homozygote
First Filial generation
F1
Offspring of the P1 generation in a controlled series of crosses
First offspring
Heterozygotes
Expresses dominant phenotype
Monohybrid Cross
Crosses between parents that differ in only one trait
Second Filial Generation
F2
Offspring resulting from self- crosses or intercrosses between individuals of the F1 generation in a series of controlled matings
Second generation
Recessive form reappears at a 3:1 ratio
Dominant
The trait that appears in the F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) resulting from a mating between pure-breeding parental strains showing antagonistic phenotypes
Recessive
The trait that remains hidden in the F1 hybrids resulting from a mating between pure-breeding parental strains showing antagonistic phenotypes
Usually reappears in F2
Alleles
Alternative forms of a single gene
Monkhybrids
Individuals having two different alleles of a single gene
Gamete
Specialized cells (egg and sperm) that carry genes between generations