Chapter 3 Challenges Facing Police Organizations Flashcards
1
Q
- Challenges inherent in providing ethical leadership in a police agency.
A
Aligning one’s actions with ones words, combating bias-based policing, preventing misuse of force, and eradicating police misconduct.
2
Q
- In addition to aligning their actions with their words, they must combat biased based policing.
A
Ethical leaders
3
Q
- They attract followers by virtue of their honesty with appointing authorities, with agency members and with members of the community their agency serves.
A
Ethical leaders
4
Q
- They must demonstrate all these competencies while also fulfilling the distinct role of public safety officer.
A
Police leaders
5
Q
- They must always remember that just one instance of unethical behavior can destroy a person’s trustworthiness and reputation.
A
Police leaders
6
Q
- Demonstrate specific actions, behaviors, and personal qualities, including trustworthiness, commitment to the agency’s mission, courage, compassion, and accountability for outcomes.
A
Administrators and managers who function as ethical leaders
7
Q
- Bias based policing includes practices by …
A
Individual officers, supervisors, managerial practices, and departmental programs.
8
Q
65.Practices that incorporate prejudicial judgments that are inappropriately applied.
A
Bias based policing
9
Q
- Bias based policing incorporates prejudicial judgments based on…
A
Gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, economic status, Religious beliefs, or age.
10
Q
- Is a key concern for Police agencies.
A
Racial profiling
11
Q
- An agency’s specific policies and procedures are known as…
A
General orders, special orders, and rules and regulations.
12
Q
- The best and most proven way to prevent misconduct.
A
Thorough training at the beginning of an officers career and ongoing mentoring and in-service training.
13
Q
- Senior officers entrusted with mentoring junior officers must exhibit…
A
The highest standards of ethical behavior themselves.
14
Q
- To identify symptoms of chronic stress or burn out which may lead to misconduct.
A
Mentors and trainers should monitor officers throughout their careers.
15
Q
- An agency avoids embarrassing and costly lawsuits by…
A
preventing misconduct.
16
Q
- Inappropriate behaviors (often including use of excessive force, theft, and other destructive behavior) and conduct prohibited by a police agency.
A
Police misconduct.
17
Q
- Before deciding whether behavior qualifies as misconduct and how severe the infraction most agencies prefer to…
A
examine each incident and its context.
18
Q
- Offenses which constituted only about half of arrest related deaths.
A
Violent offenses.
19
Q
- From 2003 to 2005 property offenses, drug offenses, public order offenses, and no criminal charges intended accounted for what percentage of arrest related deaths?
A
40%
20
Q
- The increasing number of arrest related deaths correlate to…
A
Tasers and other conducted energy devices.
21
Q
- The number of Taser or CED involved deaths escalated from…
A
(3) in 2003 to (24) in 2005.
22
Q
- Police agencies must be ever cognizant that (__) related deaths involving (__ __) are on the rise.
A
(arrest) (law enforcement)
23
Q
- Is essential for addressing and possibly preventing arrest related deaths.
A
Credible and documented training in the use of both armed and unarmed use of force techniques.
24
Q
- Congress amended Civil Rights Act of 1871, which allows victims of alleged abuse to…
A
file lawsuits against the police agencies and individual officers responsible.
25
68. Along with the realization that police conduct had to change regarding use of force, the U.S. Congress...
passed and subsequently amended the civil rights act of 1871.
26
68. Has prompted local government and police leaders to analyze agencies vulnerabilities with respect to arrest and non-arrest related deaths.
The fear of lawsuits against police agencies
27
68. All of these come into question in wrongful death lawsuits.
Agency training, supervision, policies, officer actions, and officer assignments.
28
68. Accounts for 54.7% of the total number of deaths for all causes.
Homicide by law enforcement.
29
74. To prove they are delivering excellent service police agencies must...
Continually provide statistical data.
30
74. The hard truth about public agencies budgets.
One department, one agency, one program will always get the bulk of the money.
31
74. Resource constraints for a police agency stem from...
forces unique to the public agency arena.
32
74. Police agencies in many jurisdictions are in the unique position of being downsized or eliminated owing to...
citizen and government representatives' concern regarding the cost of police services.
33
78. DHS has developed standardized courses on...
incident command and management
34
78. DHS has developed discipline and agency SPECIFIC...
incident management courses
35
78. A particularly crucial preparedness activity.
Training.
36
68. No police agency can afford to...
neglect assessing vulnerability to liability lawsuits over arrest-related deaths.
37
66. The most blatant example of bias-based policing today.
Racial Profiling
38
66. Through this type of profiling, law enforcement representatives stop or detain people based on their race as a reason for suspicion the individual are or have engaged in criminal activity.
Racial Profiling
39
66. Officers stopping persons belonging to a specific group because the officer believes that all members of that group cannot be trusted.
Racial Profiling.
40
66. Racial profiling is unethical because it is based on ...
Prejudice
41
66. Adverse opinions of members of a specific group that is formed without sufficient knowledge of those individuals.
Prejudice
42
66. It is an assault on people's humanity.
Prejudice
43
66. Experts agree that preventing such bias-based policing (racial profiling) begins and ends with ...
communication between police and citizens.
44
66. It fosters harmony and is the antidote to profiling.
Familiarity
45
66. The more citizens know about how the police do their jobs, the less likely it is that citizens will formulate...
misconceptions that distance police from those they serve.
46
67. The more officers interact with citizens, the more they will come to...
know and appreciate the similarities and differences among them.
47
67. Time when the American public turned it's attention to the way police officers conducted themselves.
In the 60s and 70s.
48
67. In the 60s and 70s, newspapers reported brutality on the part of police when they arrested, detained, or interrogated prisoners, especially if the prisoners were...
members of minority groups.
49
67. Have reduced complaints about misuse of force.
Aggressive investigations of allegations of abuse, along with severe punishments.
50
67. In the recruit academy and in-service training, new officers are taught, in no uncertain terms ...
What they can and cant do to citizens.
51
67. Is strictly governed by Laws, policies, and procedures designed to keep officers and suspects safe.
Use of force, especially deadly force
52
67. The best way to ensure that an officer does not "Cross the line" regarding use of force.
Through training from day (1).
53
67. The best alternative for handling potentially dangerous situations.
Effective tactical communication to reduce conflict.
54
67. Officers may deploy a chemical spray agent to...
gain compliance.
55
67. Use of Force Continuum: To stop threatening behavior or restrain an individual an officer may use a...
physical force hand-in-hand technique.
56
67. Should be considered as a viable option in subject resistance situations.
Less than lethal weapons, such as a Taser device
57
68. Has reduced the number of complaints of misuse of force and also biased based policing and other misconduct.
(Training) and (consistent and continuous mentoring of recruits and less experienced officers).
58
71. Untruthfulness, discourtesy, excessive force, theft, accepting gratuities, impaired driving.
Common Examples of misconduct
59
75. One option police agencies must consider when competing for scant public dollars within their jurisdiction is to…
Establish a sense of urgency for a specific program or activity an agency wants to initiate.
60
71. Police officers are expected to learn what constitutes misconduct from their agencies specific…
(Policies and procedures) known as general orders, special orders, and rules and regulations.
61
75. They may persuade the city council or city manager or mayor to divert tax revenues from social programs by making a compelling business case for the funding.
Agency leaders.
62
75. Some neighborhood residents have participated in Citizen police academies in preparation for…
Leading or contributing to neighborhood watch programs.
63
75. Citizen involvement generates twofold benefit: (1) They feel good about helping, allowing officers to focus on incidents demanding skills/immediate attention.
(2) They feel sense of partnership/collaboration with police that promotes tolerance and understanding on the part of both.
64
75. 100 years ago, most police agencies across the United States operated in a ...
vacuum, confined to their own jurisdictions.
65
75. When agencies confined to their own jurisdiction had to deal with cross jurisdictional crime, they often had to get assistance from..
private police.
66
76. Police agencies can no longer operate in isolated pockets owing to the ...
Terror attacks of 9/11, globalization, and international unrest.
67
76. Manifested as increased flows of people, information, and goods across national borders.
Globalization.
68
76. To Maintain peaceful and safe communities and achieve homeland security, agencies at all levels and in every region and state in the nation must…
Share information and Resources.
69
76. The establishment of the US Department of Homeland Security was a major step towards this goal.
Agencies at all levels, and every region, and state in the nation sharing information and resources.
70
76. Terrorism, natural or human caused disasters, and pandemics, are examples of...
Domestic or foreign initiated threats or hazards.
71
76. Created in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, dedicated to encouraging an inter-agency approach to policing strategies, especially as it relates to terrorism.
US Department of Homeland Security
72
76. Published in July 2002, DHS's "National STRATEGY for Homeland Security" identifies three major goals:
1. Prevent terrorists attacks w/in US.
2. Reduce American vulnerability to terrorism.
3. Minimize damage/recover from attacks.
73
76. DHS's stated VISION is to…
Preserve freedom through defense of the homeland.
74
76. Local, county, and state police agencies are required to maintain a heightened state of readiness regarding...
SPECIFIC THREATS (such as bombs in subways, depositing poisons in water supplies, explosives entering the country on container ships coming into ports).
75
76. DHS goals include...
(Increasing awareness of threats to homeland security), (preventing terrorism) and (defining and executing strategies to protect the nation, its infrastructure, property, and people).
76
76. Must provide their personnel with training in "how to anticipate and address homeland security-related incidents".
Local, county, and state police agencies across the country.
77
76. Must take steps to control access to the country and it's citizens. (airports, train stations, ports are vulnerable)
Local, county, and state police agencies across the country.
78
76. Police agencies that must be particularly vigilant.
Those that are responsible for protecting transportation systems and critical infrastructure.
79
77. Four phases of EMERGENCY management emphasized by homeland security:
Phase 1. Mitigation.
Phase 2. Preparedness.
Phase 3. Response.
Phase 4. Recovery.
80
77. Phase 1 Mitigation: public safety agencies mitigate emergencies by assessing a wide range of risks, with the goal of...
identifying vulnerabilities to terrorist attacks and catastrophic events such as hurricanes and earthquakes. They then seek to reduce those risks.
81
77. Examples of risk reduction practices from a homeland security perspective include:
passenger screening at airports and the requirement that pilots of private planes report who is on the plane before it lands in the United States.
82
Facilitates rapid response, helps ensure that medical attention will reach people quickly, and that criminal perpetrators of emergency events will be identified and apprehended swiftly.
Preparedness (Phase 2 of Emergency Mgmt)
83
77. With preparation, emergency personnel are regularly...
trained, tested, and certified to ensure fast and appropriate response to catastrophic events.
84
77. What highly trained personnel provide when an emergency occurs.
Rapid response.
85
77. In Phase 3 Response, personnel respond based on...
their training and the scope of the emergency-preserving human life 1st, attending to the dead in a respectful manner, and addressing property considerations.
86
77. At the scene, responders should function as...
"calm and capable leaders" who bring order to chaos and comfort to the confused and injured.
87
77. This phase involves everything from training first responders to stockpiling supplies.
Phase 2 Preparedness.
88
77. This phase comes in the aftermath of an emergency.
Phase 4 recovery.
89
77. Entails a return to conditions that prevailed before the event.
Phase 4 recovery.
90
77. Phase 4 recovery: public safety agencies analyze statistical measurements of...
loss of life, injuries sustained, and the values of property lost.
91
77, Specialists attend to the mental anguish suffered by those affected during and after the emergency.
Phase 4 recovery.
92
77. Homeland security is a comprehensive national public safety strategy designed to…
Prevent major events and foster effective responses to events that do occur.
93
77. To support Homeland security strategy Federal, state, county, and local agencies must...
communicate and work together.
94
77. Public safety agencies have several powerful tools for communicating and working together to include:
National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) established by individual states.
95
77. Provides a way for public safety agencies to develop policies and processes for working together to prevent and manage emergencies.
National Incident Management System (NIMS).
96
77. Operational protocols, procedures, and standards are developed by the Secretary of Homeland Security and administered through agencies at the various levels of government.
National Incident Management System (NIMS).
97
77. NIMS' aim is to bring together best practices for addressing critical incidents and incorporate those practices into a...
framework that public and private organizations can use to address emergency situations.
98
78. NIMS key components:
```
–Cmnd and mgmt structures.
–Preparedness activities.
–Resource mgmt.
–Communications/info mgmt.
–Supporting technologies.
–Ongoing mgmt and maintenance.
```
99
78. Command and management structures:
– (ICS) Incident Command System.
– Multi-agency coordination systems.
– Public information systems.
100
78. Incident Command System consists of operating procedures as well as responders from...
fire depts, police agencies, emergency medical teams, governments, and Red Cross (all organizations involved in the various phases of the incident).
101
77. National Incident Management System (NIMS): a nationwide program by which public safety agencies develop...
(policies and processes) for collectively (preventing and managing) emergencies.
102
78. Multi-Agency Coordination Systems support incident management for those entities engaged in the incident at the federal, state, local, tribal, and regional levels, by providing...
organizational structure, operational procedures, and interactive management components through written agreements and other arrangements for assistance at critical incidents.
103
78. These systems define how organizations cooperate and work together to provide comprehensive and productive service delivery.
Multi-Agency Coordination Systems. (NIMS Command and Mgmt Structure)
104
78. Public Information Systems refers to those processes, procedures, and systems for...
communicating timely and accurate information to the public during a crisis or emergency situation.
105
78. Public Information Systems provides for a PIO, who communicates directly with the ...
print and electronic media and the operational leadership of the Incident command structure.
106
78. These activities are instituted before an incident and include deciding how an agency will use personnel, equipment, and other resources during an incident.
Preparedness Activities
107
78. The integration and use of supporting technologies course developed by DHS is a ...
Discipline and agency specific incident management course.
108
78. Under Preparedness Activities, individuals who successfully complete training receive a...
personnel qualification certification.
109
78. DHS also provides hands on exercises featuring…
Realistic incident scenarios.
110
78. Preparedness Activities: Agencies are expected to forge mutual aid agreements guaranteeing the ...
sharing of resources, facilities, services, and other support as needed if an incident occurs.
111
78. Reporting forms and standardize procedures, which agencies can distribute to responders in case of an incident, are examples of…
standardized forms and documents provided by DHS under the Preparedness Activities.
112
78. Individuals who can demonstrate they acquired and can operate equipment and demonstrate it is compatible with other agencies, receive an ...
Equipment Acquisition and Operations Certification
113
78. Resource Management: NIMS defines requirements including standardize processes and reporting procedures that establish forms and categorization to...
describe, inventory, dispatch, track, and recover resources over the life cycle of an incident.
114
79. Communications and Information Management component of NIMS provides guidelines for...
agency communications and the use of information during an incident.
115
79. Communications and Information Mgmt: Communication between fire and police personnel, as well as EMS, Red Cross, transportation services, and housing services is critical, therefore communication systems should be...
compatible and Not interfere with one another.
116
79. Effective incident management hinges on...
having inter-operable communication processes, procedures, and systems to support an array of incident mgmt activities across jurisdictions and agencies.
117
79. Information management guidelines cover topics including how agencies should…
Collect, analyze, distribute, and share information about the incident.
118
79. Information about the incident must flow easily and quickly to support the…
1. Agencies and jurisdictions responsible for managing and directing the incident.
2. Persons or systems affected by the incident.
3. Those trying to help bring resolution to the incident.
119
79. Effective decision-making, direction, and the appropriate implementation of critical resources are driven by…
Vital and timely information management.
120
79. NIMS Supporting Technologies component describes the key technologies and technological systems needed to...
support and refine NIMS.
121
79. Ongoing Management and Maintenance: This component identifies activities for...
evaluating and continuously improving the system.
122
79. Video systems used by emergency response personnel in real-time situations must be…
Interoperable within and across all involved agencies providing the critical response to the incident at hand.
123
78. Multiagency practical exercises are assessed to determine which tactics need improvement or modification is an example of activity that falls under...
Ongoing Management and Maintenance
124
79. Individual states comply with NIMS by developing…
State-Level Standardized Emergency Management Plans.
125
79. Most states offer emergency management guidelines known as the…
Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)
126
79. These guidelines aim to ensure that state level agencies' emergency management system complies with NIMS guidelines.
Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)
127
79. To achieve compliance, the state systems should include: (information on emergency mgmt for first responders and constituents) (training in how NIMS works) (An information mgmt system that supports effective response to critical incidents)
(documented procedures for responding to incidents in the field and as an organization) (emergency prep recommendations for families) (misc emergency prevention and prep information, Including plans for winter rainstorms, landslides, earthquakes, and wildfires)
128
80. While still relatively new, they are solidly established and still evolving as organizations gain experience by applying them to actual emergencies and homeland security issues.
NIMS and SEMS
129
80. Most often the first responders to any emergency are…
Uniform local police officers and Sheriff's Deputies.
130
80. Must be employed as well as the typical reactive tactics associated with counter-terrorism.
Proactive counter radicalization strategies and activities designed to prevent radicalization of individuals.
131
65. Should define and encourage ethical behavior and adherence to high moral for personnel throughout their agency.
Police administrators
132
65. They must also demonstrate ethical behavior and high moral standards through their actions.
Administrators
133
65. As the saying goes, "actions speak louder than words," and whenever a person's behavior conflicts with that individuals's statements...
it is the behavior-not the words-that others notice most.
