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Police Administration 2 > Chapter 1 Police Administration, A Perspective > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Police Administration, A Perspective Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Ethics is the philosophical study of…
A

Conduct that adheres a certain principles of morality.

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2
Q
  1. People who wish to do the right thing, to be a good person, and get along with others are expressing …
A

The desire to behave in an ethical manner.

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3
Q
  1. Behavior that can be considered ethical even though ethics itself is not concerned with it.
A

Obeying the law, following certain religious tenets, and conforming to societal standards of behavior.

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4
Q
  1. Ethics itself is not concerned with what?
A

Law, religion, or society.

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5
Q
  1. These type of leaders align their actions with their words.
A

Ethical leaders.

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6
Q
  1. Which leaders must combat biased based policing?
A

Ethical leaders.

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7
Q
  1. Ethics centers on demonstrating …
A

Behavior that reflects specific virtues.

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8
Q
  1. Examples of moral excellence are known as…
A

Specific virtues.

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9
Q
  1. Virtues include:
A

Discretion, integrity, courage, self-restraint, Honesty, loyalty, generosity, modesty, and responsibility.

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10
Q
  1. These leaders attract followers by virtue of their honesty.
A

Ethical leaders.

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11
Q

These leaders attract followers by virtue of their honesty with appointing authorities.

A

Ethical leaders.

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12
Q

These leaders attract followers by virtue of their honesty with agency members.

A

Ethical leaders.

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13
Q

These leaders attract followers by virtue of their honesty with members of the community their agency serves.

A

Ethical leaders.

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14
Q

These leaders must demonstrate all these competencies while also fulfilling the distinct role of public safety officer.

A

Police leaders

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15
Q
  1. Police administration has evolved in several important respects including…
A

– How police have been organized.

– What police consider their core strategy for providing value to the communities they serve.

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16
Q
  1. Many laws we abide by in the United States today, such as those related to theft and homicide have their origin in…
A

12th century England.

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17
Q
  1. King Henry II established “common-law” in 12th century England which included a…
A

Judiciary that gave each county a King’s judge.

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18
Q
  1. King Henry II’s Common Law: Who meted out justice to the common folk?
A

The County judge, along with 12 local men.

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19
Q
  1. King Henry II’s Common Law:

During this time, laws were enforced by…

A

Appointees of the Lords of each county.

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20
Q
  1. The common-law system endured until as late as 1829, when the…
A

London Metropolitan Police was founded.

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21
Q
  1. The London Metropolitan police was founded through the…
A

British Parliament’s enactment of the Metropolitan police act.

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22
Q
  1. British Parliament’s enactment of the Metropolitan police act, An event that inspired…
A

Similar developments in local police organizations within the United States.

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23
Q

British Parliament’s enactment of the Metropolitan police act, Just seven years later…

A

Boston Massachusetts set up a formal local police department.

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24
Q
  1. New York City follow suit setting up a formal local police department in…
A

1844.

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25
Q
  1. The first organization resembling the state police force and when it came into being.
A

The Texas Rangers in 1823.

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26
Q
  1. Originally more of a nonuniformed state militia.
A

The Texas rangers.

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27
Q
  1. The first federal law enforcement agency in America had been created a century earlier in…
A

1789, when President George Washington appointed eight United States marshals.

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28
Q
  1. The development of national level law-enforcement organizations took a large step with the creation of the…
A

Bureau of investigation in 1908, subsequently renamed the Federal Bureau of investigation or FBI.

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29
Q
  1. As local, state, and federal law enforcement organizations evolved, so did the notion that police should have the right to…
A

Collective bargaining.

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30
Q
  1. As early as 1893, the national chiefs of police union, forerunner of the international Association of Chiefs of police (IACP) was established largely through the efforts of…
A

Progressive Omaha, Nebraska, police chief Weber Seavey.

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31
Q
  1. Each year, the IACP sponsors the …
A

Weber Seavey award, presented to agencies that made innovative accomplishments.

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32
Q
  1. Over time, debate has swirled around whether police should focus their strategy on…
A

Community service, crime-fighting, or some combination of approaches.

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33
Q
  1. From the mid 19th century to about 1930, policing was about…
A

Community Service.

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34
Q
  1. From the mid 19th century to about 1930, officers were encouraged to live in the same area they patrolled, so they could…
A

Get to know and better serve community residents.

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35
Q
  1. During that era, mid 19th century to about 1930, politicians closely directed police activities; thus…
A

Corruption was rampant

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36
Q
  1. During that era when politicians closely directed police activities corruption was rampant and hardly anyone could become a…
A

Police officer without the approval of a politician.

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37
Q
  1. Between 1929 and 1931, the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (Wickersham Commission) produce…
A

(14 reports) for President Herbert Hoover regarding the status of policing and law enforcement in general.

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38
Q
  1. According to these reports, many areas needed addressing, especially police brutality, through which police used mental and physical torture to elicit confessions from suspects.
A

14 Wickersham Commission reports.

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39
Q
  1. National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (Wickersham Commission): The commissioners’ recommendations included:
A

Centralizing administration in a police jurisdiction, establishing higher personnel standards, and adopting a more professional approach to policing in general.

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40
Q
  1. The Wickersham Commission ushered in a period when police authority derived…
A

More from law than from local politicians.

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41
Q
  1. The Wickersham Commission ushered in a period where police activity shifted from…
A

Community service to crime control and prevention.

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42
Q
  1. Chief of Police in Berkeley, California from 1902-1932, considered the founder of modern policing.
A

August Vollmer.

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43
Q
  1. August Vollmer’s protege; introduced a merit system for promotions and other innovations influential in modern policing.
A

O.W. Wilson.

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44
Q
  1. Initiated the use of the police car as a patrol device and the two-way radio as a means for rapidly answering calls for service.
A

August Vollmer.

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45
Q
  1. Introduced the polygraph as an investigative tool and helped establish college-level courses for police officers.
A

August Vollmer.

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46
Q
  1. Vollmer also promoted the use of other forensic science technologies, such as…
A

Fingerprinting, crime laboratories, and moreover, strongly advocated professionalism in policing.

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47
Q
  1. He rotated officer’s patrol assignments to reduce the chance for corruption and insisted on higher salaries for officers to help agencies recruit higher-quality candidates.
A

O.W. Wilson.

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48
Q
  1. During the 1960’s, massive social unrest erupted throughout the U.S., which forced…
A

Police Executives to confront the fact that traditional policing (the professional “command and control” model) was not working well.

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49
Q
  1. During the 60s many experts felt certain police alone could not control crime and social unrest stemmed from factors such as:
A

Social inequality, lack of jobs, and the deterioration of the family.

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50
Q
  1. The stage was set for adopting new police strategies that emerged as follows:
A
  • Community Oriented Policing.
  • Community Oriented Problem Solving Policing (COPS).
  • Statistics-Oriented Policing.
  • Intelligence-Led Policing.
  • Strategic Policing.
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51
Q
  1. Flexibility and Transition: (1980-Present) Today, they must decide together what policing principles and strategies to incorporate into their mission.
A

Police agency executives.
Elected political leaders.
Community leaders.
Citizens.

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52
Q
  1. Principles and strategies: To prepare for the future, most agencies across the country mix…
A

Traditional policing with community and problem-oriented policing, some statistical policing, and strategic policing.

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53
Q
  1. In addition to demonstrating greater flexibility with regard to strategy, the police have also entered a time of transition in terms of…
A

How they and others perceive their level of professionalism.

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54
Q
  1. The many individuals who have the desire to help people and make society a better place, are those who are…
A

Drawn to policing as a career.

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55
Q
  1. Because of the job security they provide, many individuals are also…
A

Drawn to public safety careers.

56
Q
  1. Religious groups have added the following as virtues:
A

– Faith.
– Hope.
– Love.

57
Q
  1. Demonstrating virtues leads to moral behavior, which in turn…
A

Forms the foundation for ethics.

58
Q
  1. As a general rule, virtue refers to…
A

Who a person is.

59
Q
  1. As a general rule ethics refers to…
A

What a person does.

60
Q
  1. A person becomes virtuous by…
A

Behaving ethically.

61
Q
  1. We learn to practice ethical behavior during our early years of growth through maturation as we…
A

Interact with family and society.

62
Q
  1. Through interactions with family and society we come to understand the…
A

Difference between good and bad behavior.

63
Q
  1. Society everywhere require their members to behave in…
A

An ethically acceptable manner.

64
Q
  1. Ethics, as an aspect of philosophy, originated in…
A

Ancient Greece.

65
Q
  1. Three Philosophical giants who attempted to define and refine ethics were:
A

– Socrates.
– Plato.
– Aristotle.

66
Q
  1. This philosopher argued that with the proper knowledge a person will always do good.
A

Socrates.

67
Q
  1. This philosopher wrote that the highest good comes from loving the truth and doing all things for the sake of the truth.
A

Plato.

68
Q

This philosopher proposed that doing good was a habit that must be inculcated at an early age, and once doing good becomes habitual, a person could do nothing but.

A

Aristotle.

69
Q
  1. More than most professions, policing presents it’s members with…
A

Ethical dilemmas on a daily basis.

70
Q
  1. It is just as unethical as overtly questionable behavior.
A

Deciding not to behave ethically.

71
Q
  1. Like obviously unethical behavior, opting out of doing the right thing also contributes to public perception that…
A

Police officers are corrupt and untrustworthy.

72
Q
  1. Deciding not to behave ethically or opting out of doing the right thing, this behavior has not commanded the attention of the public in the same way as…
A

Overt acts.

73
Q
  1. With the 1936 publication of August Vollmer’s “the police in modern society”, a broad-based interest emerged in the idea that…
A

Police work should be subject to ethical standards.

74
Q
  1. This publication promoted ethics as an essential ingredient for modern policing.
A

1936 publication of August Volmer’s The Police in Modern Society.

75
Q
  1. Codes developed by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) in its early years.
A
  • Law Enforcement Code of Ethics.

- Law Enforcement Code of Conduct.

76
Q
  1. These codes are accepted as universal standards across the police profession.
A
  • Law Enforcement Code of Ethics.

- Law Enforcement Code of Conduct.

77
Q
  1. These codes include guidelines concerning performance of officer duties, responsibilities, discretion, and use of force, among others.
A
  • Law Enforcement Code of Ethics.

- Law Enforcement Code of Conduct.

78
Q
  1. Many police agencies use the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and the Law Enforcement Code of Conduct to define a formal, agency wide set of…
A

Standards that they circulate to all agency members and usually post in a prominent location in all facilities.

79
Q
  1. All police agency personnel have the power to model ethical behavior – becoming…
A

Ethical leaders by example.

80
Q
  1. Leadership is the art and science of ethically using…
A

Communication, activities, and behaviors to influence, motivate or mobilize others to action.

81
Q
  1. Ethical behavior on display.
A

Ethical leadership.

82
Q
  1. Subordinates model behavioral based on…
A

What a leader demonstrates.

83
Q
  1. Just as unethical behavior by one can trigger it in another, ethical behavior can also…
A

Spread when individuals model it consistently.

84
Q
  1. Researchers have proven that unethical people who become part of an ethical society or organization soon begin to…
A

Emulate and embrace ethical behavior.

85
Q
  1. Citizen’s trust is an essential ingredient for…
A

Effective police work.

86
Q
  1. Loss of trust due to unethical behavior on the part of any police agency personnel can also damage…
A

Hard-won perceptions of policing as a profession.

87
Q
  1. Police leadership development programs focus primarily on the…
A

Promotion of police officers to mid or upper level management positions.

88
Q
  1. Very few police leadership development programs focus on…
A

Ethical leadership development at all ranks, including police recruits.

89
Q
  1. It is essential for all police officers, regardless of rank.
A

Ethical leadership training and development.

90
Q
  1. An occupation or discipline that requires its members to adhere to prescribe standards of behavior and competence.
A

Profession.

91
Q
  1. Characteristics of profession:
A

– A recognized body of knowledge specific to the profession.
– Common goals and principles.
– Code of ethics and standards of conduct.
– A public service orientation.
– A common language.
– System for licensing/credentialing.
– An association that promotes professional standards and interest.

92
Q
  1. Recognized body of knowledge specific to the profession.
A

A characteristic shared by all professions.

93
Q
  1. Common goals and principles, and a code of ethics and standards of conduct.
A

A characteristic shared by all professions.

94
Q
  1. A Public service orientation, common language and vocabulary, and a system for licensing or credentialing members.
A

Characteristics shared by all professions.

95
Q
  1. An association that promotes the profession’s standards and interests.
A

A characteristic shared by all professions.

96
Q
  1. To qualify as a member of any profession, including policing, people must…
A

Gain knowledge and develop skills relevant to that profession.

97
Q
  1. At various times in the past, experts have characterized police officers as…
A

“Unprofessional professionals” or as an “ambivalent force”.

98
Q
  1. Confusing terms used in the past to characterize police officers reflect the fact that the law gives certain powers to police officers while also…
A

Restricting their actions to preserve personal liberty in our democratic society.

99
Q
  1. Any organization can fail without…
A

Strong leaders.

100
Q
  1. Every member of every police agency thus has the opportunity and responsibility to become…
A

A leader.

101
Q
  1. Leadership should begin with the chief executive of the agency and…
A

Spread throughout all levels of the organization, including line officer level.

102
Q
  1. Line officers have the most direct contact with citizens and pocess…
A

Broad discretionary powers.

103
Q
  1. Whenever line officers answer a call for service they must function as…
A

Leaders.

104
Q
  1. Whether they wish to be or not, all officers are problem solvers, and problem-solving ability is…
A

A leadership skill.

105
Q
  1. Knowing what skills constitute effective leadership is not enough, police personnel no matter what rank they hold, most also have the…
A

Courage to put those skills into action – within their agency as well as with community members and partners from private and public agencies.

106
Q
  1. Without the courage to put skills into action, an officer is…
A

Just another person in the crowd of badges.

107
Q
  1. They have a dual responsibility when demonstrating leadership: to be role models and authority figures to both citizens and line officers and communicate executive decisions to officers reporting to them.
A

Middle managers and line supervisors.

108
Q
  1. Managers and supervisors can, and should, be leaders, however…
A

Management and supervision or not synonymous with leadership.

109
Q
  1. Direct their subordinates in the completion of tasks toward the accomplishment of a specific organizational goal.
A

Managers.

110
Q
  1. They oversee the work of subordinates, are available to answer questions, provide training for certain tasks, and account to superiors for their subordinates performance.
A

Supervisors.

111
Q
  1. Leaders may supervise and manage, but they also take responsibility for …
A

Influencing and motivating others.

112
Q
  1. They empower people by guiding individuals in the process of change.
A

Leaders.

113
Q
  1. While (__) account for their subordinates performance to superiors, (__) account for subordinate’s actions
A

(Supervisors) (Leaders)

114
Q
  1. They focus on directing and maintaining existing operations.
A

Managers and Supervisors.

115
Q
  1. They guide growth and change in their organization or group with an eye on the future.
A

Leaders.

116
Q
  1. To manage a progressive organization and to plan for the future while also addressing challenges and needs in the present, it takes a.
A

Leader.

117
Q
  1. He plans activities, organizes resources, controls cost and quality, and directs employees.
A

Manager.

118
Q
  1. He directs employees.
A

Manager or Supervisor.

119
Q
  1. He directs employees, inspects work, evaluates performance, rewards good work, and corrects poor performance.
A

Supervisor.

120
Q
  1. He influences and motivates, displays integrity, models ethical behavior, creates mission, tenaciously pursues goals, builds relationships, focuses on strategy.
A

Leader.

121
Q
  1. A key to becoming a leader is …
A

“Wanting to do so”.

122
Q
  1. Recognize that leaders at different organizational levels will lead differently.
A

You can cultivate your own leadership style by doing this.

123
Q

22.Recognize there are leaders at every level. A person need not possess a title to be a leader.

A

You can cultivate your own leadership style by doing this.

124
Q
  1. Know where org. is heading strategically and where you stand in development as a leader by performing regular organizational and self assessments.
A

You can cultivate your own leadership style by doing this.

125
Q
  1. Be certain there is a way for you and other leaders to develop knowledge and skills throughout the organization by interacting with all personnel.
A

You can cultivate your own leadership style by doing this.

126
Q
  1. Tailor you strategic efforts to support your organization’s goals and values.
A

You can cultivate your own leadership style by doing this.

127
Q
  1. Regularly communicate your organization’s mission, values, and goals to subordinates and others.
A

You can cultivate your own leadership style by doing this.

128
Q
  1. A police agency’s administrative activities fall into three broad categories:
A
  1. Line Operations.
  2. Administrative Support.
  3. Auxiliary Services.
129
Q
  1. Activities that serve the public and the goals of the organization directly are usually lumped under a title such as:
A

Line Operations.

130
Q
  1. Activities that serve the agency’s needs and have very little direct impact on the community or residents come under the title:
A

Administrative Support.

131
Q
  1. Hiring, training, budgeting, and internal affairs, are administrative activities that fall under this category.
A

Administrative Support.

132
Q
  1. Activities in this category are not typically outsourced.
A

Administrative Support.

133
Q
  1. Activities that support line operations are sometimes known as:
A

Auxiliary Services.

134
Q

23.Some of these services can be outsourced.

A

Auxiliary Services.

135
Q
  1. These services typically include records maintenance, property and evidence management, forensic lab services, detention, alcohol testing, facilities and equipment maintenance, and coordination of volunteers.
A

Auxiliary Services.

Police Administration 2 (12 decks)

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