chapter 3-cellular organization Flashcards
cytology
study of cells
cytosol
fluid part of the cytoplasm
phospholipids
molecules that self-assemble into a bilayer to make up the majority of the plasma membrane
glycocalyx
-coating on the outside of the cell membrane
-functions for protection, anchoring, and recognition by the immune system
peripheral membrane proteins
adheres to only one side of the cell membrane
integral membrane proteins
span the whole width of the bilayer
osmotic lysis of a cell could occur in a strongly WHAT solution?
hypotonic
During phagocytosis, a cell reaches out with WHAT to grab onto a
large object and internalize it in a phagosome?
mircofillaments
transmembrane potential
-unequal charge distribution of positive on the outside and negative on the inside across the cell membrane
-ranges from -10 to -100mV
cisternae
membrane sacs of the endoplasmic reticulum
the Golgi functions to modify and sort proteins that are synthesized by the fixed
ribosomes on the WHAT ORGANELLE?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
three types of vesicles are produced at the trans face of the Golgi: secretory
vesicles, membrane renewal vesicles and WHAT?
lyosomes
peroxisomes
membrane sacs that contain oxidases and catalases to neutralize free radicals
proteins tagged with ubiquitin will be sent to the WHAT for recycling?
proteasome
cristae
inner folds of membrane in the mitochondria
aerobic cellular respiration
glucose is catabolized in the mitochondria into water and carbon dioxide in orderto create ATP
nucleolus
dense/dark spot in the nucleus where rRNA
synthesis is occurring
chromatin
loose open form of DNA
nucleosome
formed by DNA wound around histone proteins
in a gene, three bases of DNA make up a WHAT which is the instructions for one amino acid in the protein?
codon
transcription
process of making an RNA copy of a DNA gene
RNA polymerase binds to the WHAT on the template strand of DNA to begin the process of synthesizing RNA?
promoter
AUG
start codon for translation
if an mRNA has the codon CAU, the anticodon of the corresponding tRNA would
be WHAT?
GUA