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anatomy and physiology exam 1 > chapter 1- organic chemistry > Flashcards

chapter 1- organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

differentaition

A

the specialization of cells to perform particular functions

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2
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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3
Q

organ level

A

two or more tissues working together to perform several
functions

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4
Q

nervous system

A

directs the immediate response to stimuli by coordinating activities of other organ systems

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5
Q

integumentary system(skin)

A

protection against the environment and assistance in controlling the body

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6
Q

homeostasis(“unchanging sameness”)

A

maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in the human body

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7
Q

effector

A

the cell or organ that responds to direction from the control center to oppose or enhance the stimulus

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8
Q

cephalic region

A

head

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9
Q

antebrachial region

A

forearm

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10
Q

plantar region

A

sole of foot

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11
Q

where the right leg attaches to the body of abdominalpelvic region

A

right inguinal region

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12
Q

toes are WHAT to the knee

A

distal

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13
Q

skin is WHAT to muscles

A

superficial

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14
Q

mediastinum

A

material that serves as a division between the pleural cavities(pericardial cavity is located within it)

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15
Q

responsiveness(adaption)

A

long term change

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16
Q

growth and differentiation

A

specialization of cells

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17
Q

movement

A

internal(body) and external(environment)

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18
Q

metabolism and excretion

A

building and breaking of molecules

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19
Q

anatomy

A

study of internal and external structure of the body- “form”

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20
Q

physiology

A

study of organism performing functions- “function”

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21
Q

human anatomy and physiology

A

study of form and function of the human body

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22
Q

levels of organization in the body

A

-chemical/molecular level
-cellular level
-tissue level
-organ level
-organ system level
-organism(human) level

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23
Q

chemical/molecular level

A

-atoms: smallest stable unit of matter, form molecules
-the shape of molecules determines the function

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24
Q

cellular level

A

-molecules form organelles
-each type of organelle performs a specific function
-organelles together make up a cell

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25
Q

tissue level

A

group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions

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26
Q

organ system level

A

involves the interaction of multiple organs to achieve common goals (11 organ systems)

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27
Q

organism(human) level

A

organ systems working together to maintain the life and health of the body

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28
Q

skeletal system(bones)

A

provides support, protects, tissues, stores minerals, and makes blood

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29
Q

muscular system

A

produces movement and locomotion, provides support, and generates heat

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30
Q

nervous system

A

directs the immediate response to stimuli by coordinating activities of other organ systems

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31
Q

endocrine system

A

directs long term changes in other organ systems via hormones

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32
Q

cardiovascular(heart) system

A

transports cells and dissolved materials including wastes and gases

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33
Q

lymphatic system

A

defends against infection and disease, and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

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34
Q

respiratory (lungs) system

A

delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between air and circulating blood

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35
Q

digestive (stomach/esophagus) system

A

processes food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste products

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36
Q

urinary(kidney) system

A

eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products

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37
Q

reproductive(uterus/testes) system

A

produces sex cells and hormones

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38
Q

extrinsic regulation

A

result from nervous and endocrine systems(from outside environment)

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39
Q

receptor

A

sensor that detects stimuli

40
Q

control/integration center

A

receives and processes info

41
Q

negative feedback (do it whole life and most common in homeostasis

A

-effector opposes stimulus
- ex: too hot=sweating & too cold=shiver to heat

42
Q

positive feedback

A

-effector enhances stimulus
-ex: blood clotting & contractions

43
Q

anatomical position

A

supine(face up) and prone(face down)

44
Q

cervical region

A

neck

45
Q

thoracic region

A

chest

46
Q

brachial region

A

arm

47
Q

carpal region

A

wrist

48
Q

manual region

A

hand

49
Q

abdominal region(supine)

A

belly

50
Q

lumbar region(prone)

A

lower

51
Q

gluteal region

A

butt

52
Q

pelvic region

A

hips

53
Q

pubic region

A

anterior pelvis

54
Q

inguinal region

A

groin

55
Q

femoral region

A

thigh

56
Q

crual region

A

front leg

57
Q

sural region

A

calf

58
Q

tarsal region

A

ankle

59
Q

pedal region

A

top of foot

60
Q

abdominalpelvic region

A

trunk of body

61
Q

epigastric(abdominalpelvic)

A

above stomach

62
Q

umbilical(abdominalpelvic)

A

belly button

63
Q

hypogastric(abdominalpelvic)

A

below stomach

64
Q

hypochondriac(abdominalpe-lvic)

A

upper abdomen

65
Q

lumbar(abdominalpelvic)

A

where abdomen ends and pelvis begins

66
Q

inguinal(abdominalpelvic)

A

lateral to hypogastric region and umbilical region

67
Q

anterior direction

A

front

68
Q

posterior direction

A

back(behind)

69
Q

ventral direction

A

belly side

70
Q

dorsal direction

A

back (spine)

71
Q

cranial direction

A

head

72
Q

caudal direction

A

tail

73
Q

superior direction

A

above(hyper)

74
Q

inferior direction

A

below(hypo)

75
Q

medial direction

A

toward center

76
Q

lateral direction

A

away from center

77
Q

proximal direction

A

near point of attachment (arms/legs)

78
Q

distal direction

A

away from the point of attachment(arms/legs)

79
Q

superficial direction

A

at surface

80
Q

deep direction

A

farther from surface

81
Q

transverse plane

A

-cross-section
-superior and inferior

82
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

-parallel(long)
-anterior and posterior

83
Q

sagittal plane

A

-parallel to long axis
-right and left

84
Q

body cavities

A

-vital organs suspended in chambers
-protect organs & permit changes in size/shape of organs

85
Q

two major body cavities

A

dorsal and ventral

86
Q

dorsal cavity

A

holds cranial cavity(brain) & spinal cavity(spinal cord)

87
Q

ventral cavity

A

divide diaphragm into thoracic cavity(heart/lung) & abdominalpelvic cavity(guts-viscera)

88
Q

visceral serosa

A

surrounds organs

89
Q

parietal serosa

A

surrounds lines cavity

90
Q

thoracic cavity

A

-left & right pleural cavity
-visceral pleura cover lungs
-parietal pleura lines cavity

91
Q

pericardial cavity

A

-holds heart
-visceral pericardium covers the heart
-parietal pericardium lines cavity

92
Q

mediastinum contains:

A

-pericardial cavity(heart)
-esophagus
-trachea
-thymus

93
Q

abdominopelvic (peritoneal) cavity

A

-anything contained in the peritoneum serosa
-if outside peritoneum=retroperitoneal

94
Q

peritoneal cavity contains:

A

-liver
-stomach
-spleen
-small intestines
-most of the large intestines

95
Q

retroperitoneal contains:

A

kidney & pancreas

96
Q

pelvic cavity

A

-retroperitoneal: inferior large intestine, inferior urinary bladder & some reproductive organs
-peritoneal: superior urinary bladder, ovaries & uterus

anatomy and physiology exam 1 (3 decks)

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