Chapter 3- Cells Flashcards
Define organelles
Specialised subunits of cells that have particular functions
Cell membrane
Protects and supports the cell, controls what enters and leaves (semi permeable), it had a lipid bilayer- made from a phospholipid (hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail)
Nucleus
Controls most activities in the cell, usually one per cell, contains DNA, nuclear envelope has nuclear pores where things can enter an leave
Nucleolus
Small dense region in the middle of the nucleus, this is where ribosomes are formed
Cytoplasm
Clear fluid within the cells that contains organelles, moves material throughout the cell
Ribosomes
Makes proteins in the cell, may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are vital for of life- all cells must produce them
Golgi apparatus
Stacks of membranes used for storing, modifying or packaging, packages chemicals can be stored inside the cell or move outside the cell ( cells that make saliva or mucus have Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum
Series of folded membranes that form sacs or tubes- there are two types: smooth and rough ER
Smooth ER
No ribosomes, synthesises lipids and detoxifies drugs
Rough ER
Ribosomes make it rough or bumpy, ribosomes synthesise proteins
Lysosomes
Made by the Golgi body, full of digestive enzymes to digest unwanted particles, helps white blood cells destroy bacteria
Vacuoles
Store food, water or waste materials
Mitochondria
Energy producer “powerhouse of the cell”, converts chemical energy unit useable energy, has a double membrane
Cytoskeleton
Overlapping network of filaments and fibres that support the cell and help it maintain its shapes, can also move the cell, made of microfilaments and microtones
Flagellum
Extension of the cytoskeleton- allows movement, main source of transportation for cells
