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Biology Chps. 1-5 & Microbiology Notes > Chapter 3- Cell Structures and Their Functions > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Cell Structures and Their Functions Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the functions of the cell is important for passing down our DNA?

A

Reproduction and inheritance.

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1
Q

What are the functions of the cell?

A
  • basic unit of life
  • synthesis of molecules
  • communication
  • cell metabolism and energy release
  • reproduction and inheritance (DNA)
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2
Q

What does organelle mean?

A

Small organs.

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3
Q

What is the outer most component of a cell?

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

What is the cell membranes function?

A

Barrier that holds everything in the cell.

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5
Q

What part of the cell is intracellular and which one is extracellular.

A

The inner part of the cell is intracellular and the outer part of the cell is extracellular.

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6
Q

How many does a phospholipid contain?

A

2

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7
Q

Which region of the phospholipid is polar?

A

The head

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8
Q

What region of the phospholipid is non-polar?

A

The fatty acid chain/tail

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9
Q

What are the “main” ions found in higher concentration inside the cell?

A

Potassium

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10
Q

What are the “main” ions foumd outside the cell in the highest concentration?

A

Sodium, Calcium, Chlorine

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11
Q

Which molecules can move directly in and out of the cell easily?

A

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, H2O/Water

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12
Q

Define passive transport

A

It doesn’t require energy.

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13
Q

Why is passive transport important?

A

It allows materials in and out of cells.

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14
Q

Give three examples of passive transport

A

Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

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15
Q

Define diffusion

A

It is the movement of particles of a solute from higher concentration to lower concentration.

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16
Q

How is diffusion different than osmosis?

A

Diffusion is movement of particles and osmosis is movement of water molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.

17
Q

What type of molecules can get through a cell membrane?

A

Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.

18
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of water molecules

19
Q

What type of proteins extend from one side of the cell membrane to the other?

A

Membrane channels

20
Q

What determines what can go through a membrane channel?

A

size, shape, and charge

21
Q

Which type of transport exhibits a change in 3-D change of the carrier molecule?

A

Active transport

22
Q

How are active and passive transport different?

A

Active transport requires cell energy and passive transport does not require cell energy.

23
Q

Define active transport

A

Requires cell energy

24
Q

What are the three main types of active transport?

A

carrier mediated active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

25
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The process that brings materials into the cell using vesicles.

26
Q

Define pinocytosis

A

cell drinking (liquid particles)

27
Q

During what type of active cell transport are secretory vesicles used?

A

Exocytosis

28
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It houses the genetic materials of the cell.

29
Q

What is the edge of the nucleus called?

A

Nuclear envelope.

30
Q

What does DNA code for?

A

Cellular processes

31
Q

What is RER? What is SER? Why are they so important?

A

RER is Rough Endoplsmic Reticulum and SER is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. They are important because it is where we get our proteins and lipids from.

32
Q

Explain the golgi - in terms of location and function

A

It is located in the cytoplasm and it collects, sorts, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids.

33
Q

What is the cell’s framework?

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

What are the three key players in this framework?

A

Microtubles, Intermediate filaments, Microfilaments

35
Q

What are the nucleotide bases in DNA?

A

A, T, C, G

36
Q

What is the central dogma?

A

Flow of genetic information.

37
Q

When during the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

Before transcription

38
Q

What happens during transcription?

A

DNA is “read” and it produces mRNA

39
Q

What happens during translation?

A

mRNA is converted to amino acids (polypeptides)

40
Q

What are the steps of mitosis? *know them in order

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Biology Chps. 1-5 & Microbiology Notes (6 decks)

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