Chapter 3- Cell Structures and Their Functions

Question 0

Which of the functions of the cell is important for passing down our DNA?

Answer 0

Reproduction and inheritance.

Question 1

What are the functions of the cell?

Answer 1

• basic unit of life
• synthesis of molecules
• communication
• cell metabolism and energy release
• reproduction and inheritance (DNA)

Question 2

What does organelle mean?

Answer 2

Small organs.

Question 3

What is the outer most component of a cell?

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

What is the cell membranes function?

Answer 4

Barrier that holds everything in the cell.

Question 5

What part of the cell is intracellular and which one is extracellular.

Answer 5

The inner part of the cell is intracellular and the outer part of the cell is extracellular.

Question 6

How many does a phospholipid contain?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Which region of the phospholipid is polar?

Answer 7

The head

Question 8

What region of the phospholipid is non-polar?

Answer 8

The fatty acid chain/tail

Question 9

What are the “main” ions found in higher concentration inside the cell?

Answer 9

Potassium

Question 10

What are the “main” ions foumd outside the cell in the highest concentration?

Answer 10

Sodium, Calcium, Chlorine

Question 11

Which molecules can move directly in and out of the cell easily?

Answer 11

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, H2O/Water

Question 12

Define passive transport

Answer 12

It doesn’t require energy.

Question 13

Why is passive transport important?

Answer 13

It allows materials in and out of cells.

Question 14

Give three examples of passive transport

Answer 14

Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

Question 15

Define diffusion

Answer 15

It is the movement of particles of a solute from higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 16

How is diffusion different than osmosis?

Answer 16

Diffusion is movement of particles and osmosis is movement of water molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 17

What type of molecules can get through a cell membrane?

Answer 17

Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Define osmosis

Answer 18

movement of water molecules

Question 19

What type of proteins extend from one side of the cell membrane to the other?

Answer 19

Membrane channels

Question 20

What determines what can go through a membrane channel?

Answer 20

size, shape, and charge

Question 21

Which type of transport exhibits a change in 3-D change of the carrier molecule?

Answer 21

Active transport

Question 22

How are active and passive transport different?

Answer 22

Active transport requires cell energy and passive transport does not require cell energy.

Question 23

Define active transport

Answer 23

Requires cell energy

Question 24

What are the three main types of active transport?

Answer 24

carrier mediated active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

Question 25

What is endocytosis?

Answer 25

The process that brings materials into the cell using vesicles.

Question 26

Define pinocytosis

Answer 26

cell drinking (liquid particles)

Question 27

During what type of active cell transport are secretory vesicles used?

Answer 27

Exocytosis

Question 28

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 28

It houses the genetic materials of the cell.

Question 29

What is the edge of the nucleus called?

Answer 29

Nuclear envelope.

Question 30

What does DNA code for?

Answer 30

Cellular processes

Question 31

What is RER? What is SER? Why are they so important?

Answer 31

RER is Rough Endoplsmic Reticulum and SER is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. They are important because it is where we get our proteins and lipids from.

Question 32

Explain the golgi - in terms of location and function

Answer 32

It is located in the cytoplasm and it collects, sorts, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids.

Question 33

What is the cell's framework?

Answer 33

Cytoskeleton

Question 34

What are the three key players in this framework?

Answer 34

Microtubles, Intermediate filaments, Microfilaments

Question 35

What are the nucleotide bases in DNA?

Answer 35

A, T, C, G

Question 36

What is the central dogma?

Answer 36

Flow of genetic information.

Question 37

When during the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Answer 37

Before transcription

Question 38

What happens during transcription?

Answer 38

DNA is "read" and it produces mRNA

Question 39

What happens during translation?

Answer 39

mRNA is converted to amino acids (polypeptides)

Question 40

What are the steps of mitosis? *know them in order

Answer 40

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase