Chapter 3 Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

Two main parts of cell?

Answer 1

Plasma (cell) membrane and cytoplasm.

Question 2

Fluid in which organelles are suspended?

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

Small filament and tubules make up what?

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton

Question 4

Cytoskeleton consists of?

Answer 4

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Question 5

Microtubules

Answer 5

Made of protein tubulin approx 10 nanometers in diameter.

Question 6

Intermediate Filament

Answer 6

Fibrous proteins and are approx 10nm in diameter.

Question 7

Microfilaments

Answer 7

Made of actin and are approx 8nm in diameter.

Question 8

Organelles

Answer 8

Small organs of a cell.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane.

Used to convert the stored chemical energy in food molecules to stored chemical energy in molecules or adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Smallest of the organelles and are nonmembranous.

Their function is to produce protein.

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

Organelle composed of a network of enclosed channels.

Question 12

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

Distal extension of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; does not have ribosomes on its surface.

Produces lipid compounds (including phospholipids and steroids) and detoxifies material.

Question 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

Has attached ribosomes and associates with the nucleus.

Produces proteins for transport and use outside of cell.

Question 14

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 14

Receives material from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and other parts of the cytoplasm and serves as an assembly and packaging organelle.

Question 15

Cisternae

Answer 15

Flattened, membranous sacs, and it forms vesicles to transport the molecules it assembles.

Question 16

Nucleus

Answer 16

Contains genetic information of the cell (DNA) and directs many cellular functions (control center).

Question 17

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 17

Double membrane, which binds nucleus. Nuclear pores allow the movement of materials into or out of the nucleus.

Question 18

Nucleoli

Answer 18

Found within nucleus, consist of portions of chromosomes and thus contain DNA and protein. They produce rRNA, which forms ribosomes, the protein-procuding organelles in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 19

Vesicles

Answer 19

Membrane-bound save inside the cell; they digest subcellular material, transport material out of the cell, and carry on enzymatic activities.

Vesicles can fuse with other organelles or the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Two specialized vesicles in the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

Vesicles which digest material with enzymes in a process known as phagoctosis (phagocytosis vesicles).

Question 22

Peroxisomes

Answer 22

Use enzymes to convert potentially toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

Abundant in liver and kidney cells.

Question 23

Centrioles

Answer 23

Pair of cylindrical organelles located in the centrosome, where microtubule formation occurs

Question 24

Microvilli

Answer 24

Extension of plasma membrane, increases cell’s absorption surface area

Question 25

Cilia

Answer 25

Moves material over surface of cell

Question 26

Transcription

Answer 26

Occurs in the nucleus. takes a gene in DNA and forms mRNA through RNA polymerase