Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3 Cell Structure & Function

Question 1

Basic structure of cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm containing organelles

Nucleus

Question 2

Function of Cell

Answer 2

Cellular metabolism and energy use

Synthesis of molecules

Communication

Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

Answer 3

“Gatekeeper” of cell

Composition: phospholipid bilayer, proteins (peripheral and integral), cholesterol, and other molecules

Question 4

Plasma Membrane Proteins

Answer 4

Integral (Intrinsic): Extend deeply into membrane; surface to surface

Peripheral (Extrinsic): Attached to integral proteins

Question 5

Marker Molecules (Plasma Membrane)

Answer 5

Glycoproteins & Glycolipids (Glycocalyx)

Question 6

Integral Proteins Function

Answer 6

Move ions from one side of membrane to the other

Question 7

Forms of Carrier Proteins

Answer 7

Uniporters: Moves on particle

Symporters: Move two paritcles in the same direction

Antiporters: Move two particles in opposite directions at the same time

Question 8

Forms of Channel Protein

Answer 8

Nongated Ion

Gated Ion: Ligand and Voltage

Question 9

Transport Proteins

Answer 9

Channel, Carrier, and ATP powered pumps

Question 10

Movement through Plasma Membrane

Answer 10

Difffusion
Osmosis
Mediated Transport

Question 11

Difference between two concentrations

Answer 11

Concentration or Density Gradient

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

Isotonic (Osmosis)

Answer 13

Cell neither shrinks nor swells (Equilibrium)

Question 14

Hypertonic (Osmosis)

Answer 14

Cell shrinks (crenation)-drinking salt water

Question 15

Hypotonic (Osmosis)

Answer 15

Cell swells (lysis)-drinking pure water

Question 16

Endocytosis

Answer 16

Internalization of a substance by formation of a vesicle

Bringing something into cell

Question 17

Types of Endocytosis

Answer 17

Phagocytosis = Cell eating
Pinocytosis = Cell drinking
Receptor-mediated endocytosis = selective uptake of large molecules/particle cells

Question 18

Exocytosis

Answer 18

Release something from cell

Question 19

Transcytosis

Answer 19

Move a substance into, across, or out of a cell

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

Cytosol, Cytoskeleton, Cytoplasmic Inclusion, Organelles

Question 21

Cytosol

Answer 21

Inner fluid portion of cell

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

Inner framework of the cell

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

Direct cellular function (Powerhouse)

House genetic info (DNA)

Question 24

Nucleoli

Answer 24

Portions of chromosomes which contain DNA and protein

Question 25

Chromosomes

Answer 25

Pair of Chromatids

Question 26

Ribosomes

Answer 26

Combo of rRNA and proteins

Site of protein synthesis (Production)

Question 27

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 27

Attached Ribosomes

Produces proteins for transport and use outside the cell

Question 28

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 28

Distal extension of RER

Produces lipid compounds and detoxifies material

Question 29

Cisternae

Answer 29

Inner space isolated from rest of cytoplasm

Question 30

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 30

Assembly, modifying packaging, distributing organelle

Question 31

Lysosomes

Answer 31

Digest material with enzymes

“Garbage men” of the cell

Question 32

Peroxisomes

Answer 32

Use enzymes to detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and other harmful chemicals from cell

Question 33

Mitochondria

Answer 33

Site of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis (Production)

“Powerhouse” of cell

Question 34

Cilia

Answer 34

Hair-like appendages on outside surface of cell.

Facilitate movement, such as mucus over the surface of the cell