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Biology > Chapter 3 - Cell Membranes And Transport > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Cell Membranes And Transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
Double membrane so enclosed

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2
Q

How thick is the phospholipid bilayer

A

7-8nm

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3
Q

Extrinsic protiens

A

Outer surface of plasma membrane and are hydrophilic

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4
Q

Intrinsic protiens

A

Hydrophobic (channel/carrier proteins) and held in the plasma membrane

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5
Q

Movement of molecules

A

The higher the temperature the more kinetic energy so the faster they move

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6
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from and area of high to low concentration down the concentration gradient

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7
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The rapid passive movement of molecules across membranes down a concentration gradient aided by carrier and channel protiens
For hydrophilic molecules

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8
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules across membranes against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration requiring ATP therefore oxygen

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9
Q

Channel protiens

A

Temporary hydrophilic pore that spans a membranes width which small ions and water soluble molecules can cross via facillitated diffusion

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10
Q

Carrier protein

A

Carries molecules via active transport ATP is required

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11
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Carbohydrates linked to a protein and used for cell to cell recognition

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12
Q

Glycolipid

A

Lipid with a carbohydrates and used in cell to cell recognition

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13
Q

Cholesterol

A

Steroid component making it more rigid and stable

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Form of diffusion high to low water potential down a water potential gradient down a water potential gradient through a selectively permeable membrane WATER ONLY

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15
Q

Water potential

A

Water potential of the cell = solute potential + water potential and has the symbol (psi)

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16
Q

What liquid has the highest water potential and what is it

A

Distilled water 0 kph

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17
Q

Solute potential

A

Presence of solute molecules and always has a negative value as they lower water potential of the cell

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18
Q

Pressure potential

A

Pressure produced by the cell wall pushing back against the cell surface membrane in plants

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19
Q

Hyper tonic

A

Lower water potential and higher solute potential then the cell NET OSMOSIS OUT OF THE CELL

20
Q

Hypotonic

A

Higher water potential and lower solute potential then the cells NET OSMOSIS IS INTO THE CELL

21
Q

Isotonic

A

The same water potential as the cytoplasms of the cell

22
Q

Plasmolysis

A

When water moves out of the cell via osmosis causing the cytoplasms to shrink and the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall

23
Q

Flaccid

A

Cell becomes limp after plasmolysis

24
Q

Incipient plasmolysis

A

50% plant cells are plasmolysis OR the cell membrane has just began to move away from the cell wall

25
Q

Turgid

A

When the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall

26
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bulk transport of substances into the cell and uses ATP to move the membrane and break to form a vesicle around the substance two types pinocytosis and phagocytosis

27
Q

Lysis

A

Animal cell bursts

28
Q

Exocytosis

A

Bulk transport of substances out of the cell requires ATP

29
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Bulk transport of solid materials

30
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Bulk transport of liquids into the cell

31
Q

Name some water soluble molecules

A

Glucose polar molecules and ions

32
Q

Name some lipid soluble molecules

A

Vitamin A oxygen and co2

33
Q

Why is it called the fluid mosaic model

A

Phospholipid molecules can move like a fluid and the protiens are imbedded

34
Q

How do carrier proteins work

A

Molecules or ion binds,

ATP transforms a phosphate group then it changes shape then the phosphate ions realest and binds with ADP to form ATP

35
Q

Why does facillitated diffusion’s graph of uptake reach a plateau

A

Carrier proteins become limiting factor

36
Q

Factors that effect diffusion

A 
Concentration gradient
Thickness exchange surface 
Surface area of membrane 
Size of molecule 
Whether it’s non polar (faster)
Temperature
37
Q

How to spot incipient plasmolysis on a graph

A

The point the line crosses 0

38
Q

What happens to plasmolysis cells

A

Becomes flaccid and can’t provide support so the plant wilts

39
Q

What is the pressure potential at incipient plasmolysis

A

0 kpa

40
Q

In a hypotonic solution what happens to the cells water potential

A

Goes to 0 because no more water can enter

41
Q

Why is turgidity important to plants especially young seedlings

A

Provides support and helps to remain its shape

42
Q

Crenated

A

The red blood cells shrink

43
Q

What’s the process of red blood cells bursting

A

Haemolysis

44
Q

Are the vesicles for pinocytosis or phagocytosis bigger

A

Phagocytosis

45
Q

Control variable sin the onion osmosis experiment

A

Temperature
Time of incubation of sucrose
How much the potato is blotted is rhe same before and after

46
Q

Why are the onion pieces held with forceps

A

Avoid transmitting anything that will affect osmosis

Biology (5 decks)

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