Chapter 3: Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Question 1

Cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

The system that regulates blood through the body; consists of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system.

Question 2

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

The part of the circulatory system that moves blood between the heart and lungs; controlled by the right side of the heart.

Question 3

Systemic circulation

Answer 3

The part of the circulatory system that moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body; controlled by the left side of the heart.

Question 4

Venae cavae

Answer 4

The large veins through which blood is returned to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 5

Atrium

Answer 5

One of the two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the ventricles (pl. atria).

Question 6

Ventricle

Answer 6

One of the two lower chambers of the heart from which blood flows through arteries to the lungs and other parts of the body.

Question 7

Carbon dioxide

Answer 7

A gas produced during the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, protein, and acids.

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

The process by which oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs; faster breathing concentrates oxygen and decreases carbon dioxide in the lungs and promotes diffusion.

Question 9

Aorta

Answer 9

The body’s largest artery; receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the body.

Question 10

Describe the path of blood flow through the heart and cardiorespiratory system.

Answer 10

1. Waste-laden, oxygen-poor blood travels through venae cavae into the right atrium
2. After the right atrium fills, it contracts and pumps blood into the right ventricle
3. When the right ventricle is full, it contracts and pumps blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
4. In the lungs, blood collects oxygen and discards carbon dioxide through diffusion
5. The clean blood flows from the lungs into the left atrium
6. After the left atrium fills, it contracts and pumps blood into the left ventricle
7. When the left ventricle is full, it pumps blood through the aorta for distribution to the rest of the body’s blood vessels.

Question 11

Systole

Answer 11

Contraction of the heart.

Question 12

Diastole

Answer 12

Relaxation of the heart.

Question 13

Blood pressure

Answer 13

The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels; created by the pumping action of the heart.

Question 14

Veins

Answer 14

Vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Question 15

Arteroes

Answer 15

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 16

Capillaries

Answer 16

Very small blood vessels that distribute blood to all parts of the body.

Question 17

Respiratory system

Answer 17

The lungs, air passages, and breathing muscles; supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Immediate (“explosive”) energy system

Answer 18

The system that supplies very short bursts of energy to muscle cells; 10 seconds or fewer

Question 19

Nonoxidative (anaerobic) energy system

Answer 19

the system that supplies energy to muscle cells for highly intense exercise of short duration; 10 seconds to 2 minutes

Question 20

Oxidative (aerobic) energy system

Answer 20

The system that supplies energy to cells for long periods of activity; longer than 2 minutes

Question 21

Target heart rate zone

Answer 21

The range of heart rates that should be reached and maintained during cardiorespiratory endurance exercise to obtain optimal training effects.

Question 22

Heart rate reserve

Answer 22

The difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate; used in one method for calculating target heart rate zone.