Chapter 2: Principles of Physical Fitness Flashcards

1
Q

Physical activity

A

Body movement that is carried out by the skeletal muscles and requires energy.

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2
Q

Exercise

A

Planned, structured, repetitive movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness.

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3
Q

Physical fitness

A

A set of physical attributes that allows the body to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort.

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4
Q

Health-related fitness

A

Physical capacities that contribute to health: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

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5
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

The ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity.

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6
Q

Oxygen

A

An element that is critical for generating usable energy in the body and is an important component of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

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7
Q

Muscular strength

A

The ability of a muscle to exert force in a single maximum effort.

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8
Q

Relative strength

A

The maximum force exerted, relative to body weight, body size, and muscle size.

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the vital processes by which food energy and nutrients are made available to and used by the body.

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10
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The ability of a muscle to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time.

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11
Q

Flexibility

A

The ability to move joints through their full ranges of motion.

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12
Q

Body composition

A

The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.

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13
Q

Fat-free mass

A

The nonfat component of the human body, consisting of skeletal muscle, bone, and water.

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14
Q

Somatotype

A

A body-type classification system that describes people as predominantly muscular (mesomorph), tall and thin (ectomorph), or round and heavy (endomorph).

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15
Q

Skill (neuromuscular)-related fitness

A

Physical capacities that contribute to performance in a sport or an activity, including speed, power, agility, balance, coordination, and reaction time; neuromuscular fitness refers specifically to maintaining performance levels of balance, agility, and coordination through the control of muscles and movement by the brain and spinal column.

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16
Q

Adaptations

A

The physiological changes that occur with exercise training.

17
Q

Physical training

A

The performance of different types of activities that cause the body to adapt and improve its level of fitness.

18
Q

Specifity

A

The training principle that developing a particular fitness component requires performing exercises specifically designed for that component.

19
Q

Progressive overload

A

The training principle that progressively increasing amounts of stress on the body causes adaptation that improves fitness.

20
Q

FITT acronym

A

The four dimensions (frequency, intensity, time, and type) that determine the overload needed to maintain or improve a particular level of fitness for a particular fitness component.

21
Q

Reversibility

A

The training principle that fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered.

22
Q

Exercise stress test

A

A test usually administered on a treadmill or cycle ergometer using an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) to analyze changes in electrical activity in the heart during exercise; used to determine if any heart disease is present and to assess current fitness level.

23
Q

Graded exercise test (GXT)

A

An exercise test that starts at an easy intensity and progresses to maximum capacity.

24
Q

Overtraining

A

A condition caused by training too much or too intensely, characterized by lack of energy, decreased physical performance, and aching muscles and joints.