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(HS) Social Studies 10 > Chapter 3 - Building a Nation > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Building a Nation Flashcards

1
Q

victorian

A

of or pertaining to the reign of Queen Victoria, someone who shares the values of that period

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2
Q

When did the rush of immigrants to Upper and Lower Canada happen and where were they from?

A

After the Rebellions of 1837, mostly from the British Isles.

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3
Q

When was the Province of Canada formed?

A

1841

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4
Q

What set the standard in the British Empire during Queen Victoria’s reign?

A

Her tastes, values, and behavior. She stressed morals, hard work, personal success, modesty, seriousness, and duty.

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5
Q

How did the British Empire grow stronger and larger?

A

With the world’s strongest navy.

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6
Q

Discoveries in what were almost made daily?

A

Science, technology, and medicine.

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7
Q

Were Canadians proud of the British accomplishments in science, technology, and medicine? If yes, why?

A

Yes, Canadians still thought of themselves as British.

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8
Q

What was the religion of the Irish?

A

Catholic

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9
Q

What was the religion of Scots?

A

Prebysterians

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10
Q

What was the religion of the upper and middle class?

A

Anglican

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11
Q

What was the official church of Upper Canada?

A

The Anglican Church

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12
Q

What was the official religion of Victorians?

A

Christianity

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13
Q

Why did people give money to their church?

A

They felt that it was a responsibility.

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14
Q

Being active in church allowed people to do what?

A

Show off their wealth.

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15
Q

Where did poorer people immigrate from?

A

Ireland and Scotland

  • little or no education
  • worked mostly as manual laborers
  • rented farmland in return for part of the harvest
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16
Q

Why did the rich become richer?

A

There was no income tax.

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17
Q

Most wealthy people were considered what class?

A

Middle class.

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18
Q

What did Louis Pasteur theorize?

A

Bacteria caused illness.

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19
Q

middle class

A

a social class that had very wealthy members without aristocratic heritage

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20
Q

materialistic

A

valuing material possessions and physical comfort above everything else

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21
Q

huckster

A

a person who usually uses aggressive selling tactics to make a profit

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22
Q

When did leisure travel become more widespread?

A

When roads and technology improved.

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23
Q

whist

A

a card game for four players divided into two teams

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24
Q

How were Victorians kept entertained nightly?

A

By playing music, dancing, doing craft, and playing games (ie. whist, checkers, chess).

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25
What activities did Victorians like?
Concerts, fairs, circuses, shows, barn raisings, quilting bees, dances, books, magazines, blood sports, swimming, and medicine shows.
26
What are two blood sports?
Bear baiting and bare-knuckle boxing
27
What happened at medicine shows?
Hucksters sold mixtures that would "cure everything".
28
steam locomotive
- one of the most important new technologies - trains traveled faster than horseback - trips were relatively cheap
29
railroads
- linked up many cities and eventually to the US - helped boost the economy - access to new markets and ice-free ports
30
newspaper
- every town in Canada had one by the mid-1800s - principal source of new and info - politicians used them to promote their ideas - businesses advertised - often very BIASED
31
infrastructure
The roads, canals, sewers, public services, transportation networks that allow a community to function.
32
reserves
land set aside by governments for the use of First | Nations
33
assimilate
to join another culture and to give up one's own language and traditions
34
enfranchisement
granting someone the rights and protection of a citizen of a particular country
35
Elders
people respected for their wisdom and understanding of traditional knowledge, kept alive many traditions and stories that continue to this day
36
bias
strongly favoring a point of view to the point of misrepresenting other views
37
What had a huge impact on Aboriginal peoples?
Immigration
38
Where were Aboriginals forced to live?
reserves that were only a fraction of the size of their former traditional territories
39
What did Aboriginals suffer greatly from?
disease, poverty, and other social problems
40
Why was Aboriginal culture hard to preserve?
It was based on a close relationship with the land.
41
Aboriginals were forced to adapt to ________ ways to survive.
European
42
What did the Aboriginal traditional way of life involve? What did it not involve?
It involved hunting and gathering, NOT agriculture.
43
What did the Gradual Civilization Act (1857) do?
It was meant to assimilate Aboriginals by making them citizens of Britain.
44
What did the Gradual Civilization Act become known as in 1876?
the Indian Act
45
How did Victorians feel about Aboriginals?
They felt they were uncivilized and childlike (noble savages).
46
What is cultural genocide?
The act of destroying the culture of a people.
47
GREY OWL
- real name: Archibald Belaney - wanted to preserve the Canadian wilderness - developed a rich fantasy life based on North American Aboriginal culture - left England and befriended an Anishinabé family (learned their customs and traditions) - married an Iroquois woman - became an author and filmmaker - lived the Aboriginal life, essentially as a fraud` - today, considered a powerful voice for conservation
48
mercantilism
an economic system based on colonialism in which the home country uses raw goods imported from colonies to manufacture goods
49
What did the Act of Union (1840) do?
It joined Upper and Lower Canada, becoming Canada West and Canada East.
50
What did Upper Canada become known as after the Act of Union?
Canada West
51
What did Lower Canada become known as after the Act of Union?
Canada East
52
Corn Laws
laws which protected agriculture in the British Empire by limiting the import of grain from other countries
53
tariff
a duty or charge that must be paid on an imported item
54
economic depression
a period of low economic activity marked by high unemployment
55
What happened when Britain repealed the Corn Laws?
- Canadian grain came into Britain with lower tariffs than grain from other countries - Britain could buy wheat, fluor, and other products - drove colonies into an economic depression
56
How did repealing the Corn Laws help Canadian producers?
by increasing profits, but limiting the import of grain from other countries made the cost of bread in Britain expensive
57
Why did Canadians start to explore the idea of union?
- help economy - larger markets, more industry, better transportation systems - a more independent Canadian government could develop its own economic policies
58
Who was James Bruce?
Lord Elgin (Lord Durham's son-in-law), Governor General of Canada (1846)
59
What was Lord Elgin's job?
to make responsible government a reality in Canada
60
Rebellion Losses Bill
a bill promising compensation to people of Canada East who suffered property damage during the Rebellions of 1837 with tax money
61
What would a responsible government do for Canada?
It would help relieve Britain of economic responsibility for the colonies while still keeping them in the Empire (it was becoming to expensive for Britain to continue to govern, defend, and economically support colonies)
62
Lord Elgin did not like the Rebellion Losses Bill, but why did he sign it?
He wanted to follow the principle of responsible government.
63
What laid the foundation for Canadian democracy?
Lord Elgin signed the Rebellion Losses Bill even though he didn't agree with it.
64
What did people who were upset about the signature on the Rebellion Losses Bill do?
They attacked Elgin's carriage and burned down the Parliament in Montreal.
65
What were the 4 major problems of Confederation?
1. colonies felt that they would lose their independence 2. colonies did not feel any great attachment to the people of other colonies 3. the idea of Confederation was conceived by government leaders, not the regular people and therefore they were not convinced 4. could cost a lot of money
66
federation
a union of provinces, each of which keeps certain powers but gives up other powers to a central, national government
67
annex
to take over a territory and add it to the territory of another country
68
Manifest Destiny
an American idea that it was the fate of the U.S. to control all of North America
69
the American Civil War
(war between the States) - began in 1861, ended in 1865 - industrialized North fought the agricultural South - a divisive issue was slavery, which the South supported - army of Northern states won
70
Could the Northern army have invaded Canada easily? If yes, why?
Yes, Britain had angered the North by supporting the South with worships and money.
71
whip
person responsible for ensuring discipline and solidarity within a political party
72
coalition
in politics, when one or more political parties or interest groups work together to achieve a common goal
73
political party
people who have similar idea and goals
74
What did political parties form for?
To represent the interests of the French and English, but not for the Aboriginals
75
platform
described changes a political party wanted to make and how they would make these changes
76
Who was George-Étienne Cartier?
a wealthy man who invested in railways, and was involved in Lower Canada Rebellions
77
corruption
in politics, taking bribes or using one's influence to gain an unfair advantage
78
representation by population
a form of proportional representation in government where areas with higher populations have more elected officials in government
79
reciprocity
an agreement that provided fore free trade between the U.S. and British colonies
80
John A. Macdonald (the Tories) made a deal with which political party to form a government?
Parti Bleu
81
What was the outcome of the deal between the Tories and the Parti Bleu to form a government?
- major step toward confederation | - helped with problems of double majority

(HS) Social Studies 10 (5 decks)

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