Chapter 3: Bonding

Question 1

sp3 hybrid orbitals

Answer 1

• The result of 3p + 1s orbitals
• Produces 4 valence orbitals each with 1 electron.
• 75% p-character + 25% s-character
• sp3 orbitals have a tetrahedral orientation

Question 2

sp2 hybrid orbitals

Answer 2

• The result of 2p + 1s orbitals
• 67% p-character + 33% s-character
• The 3 sp2 orbitals are oriented 120* apart
• The 3rd p orbital participates in the pi bond.

Question 3

sp hybrid orbitals

Answer 3

• The result of 1p + 1s orbitals
• 50% p-character + 50% s-character
• The other 2 p orbitals participate in pi bonding
• 180* orientation (linear)