Chapter 1: Nomenclature

Question 1

What is the name of compounds containing 2 alcohols? What are they called if they are on the same C? What if on adjacent Cs?

Answer 1

• Diols
• Geminal
• Vecinal

Question 2

What are the 5 steps to naming a compound?

Answer 2

1. find the longest C chain
2. number the chain
3. name the substituents
4. assign a number to the substituents (rank their priority)
5. complete the name by alphabetizing the substituents

Question 3

Carboxylic acids

Answer 3

• R-O=C-OH

- Named by adding -oic acid

Question 4

Esters

Answer 4

• Carboxylic acid derivative
• R-(O=C)-OR
• Use suffix -oate or the prefix alkoxycarbonyl-

Question 5

Amides

Answer 5

• Carboxylic acid derivative
• R-(O=C)-N
• Named by adding the suffix -amide or the prefixes carboamyl- or amido-
• Substituents attached to the amide N are designated with a N-

Question 6

Anhydrides

Answer 6

• Formed by dehydration of 2 carboxylic acids

- Named by subs the suffix acid with anydride

Question 7

Functional groups priority order

Answer 7

carboxylic acids > anhydrides > esters > amides > aldehydes > ketones> alcohols > alkenes or alkynes > alkanes

Question 8

In proper nomenclature, functional groups are named using a __________ when they are the highest priority, and using a ___________ when they are a substituent.

Answer 8

• Suffix

- Prefix

Question 9

Oxidation state

Answer 9

• A number assigned to an element in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative) by an atom of that element in the compound.