Chapter 3 - Biomolecules

Question 1

Building block of life

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

Carbon-containing molecules are called

Answer 2

Organic compound

Question 3

Organic compounds are also known as ________ due to their relatively large size as compared to inorganic compounds

Answer 3

Macromolecules

Question 4

A chain of carbon atoms is called

Answer 4

Carbon skeleton

Question 5

Carbon based molecules are often the result of smaller molecules called

Answer 5

Subunits

Question 6

Each subunit of a complex molecule is called

Answer 6

Monomer

Question 7

When monomers links together, they form complex molecules called

Answer 7

Polymers

Question 8

A ______ is a macromolecule consisting of a series of monomers bonded together

Answer 8

Polymer

Question 9

Connecting monomers to form polymers happens through a process called _________ which removes water

Answer 9

Dehydration reaction

Question 10

Polymers are disassembled or broken down by the addition of water called

Answer 10

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 11

Four types of organic compound

Answer 11

• Proteins
• Lipids
• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic Acids

Question 12

Most abundant organic compounds in living organisms that is responsible for as much as 15% of the body’s dry weight

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

Building blocks of proteins

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 14

Peptide / Polypeptide

Question 15

You body is capable of producing about __ amino acids to form proteins

Answer 15

12

Question 16

Amino acids you cannot synthesize

Answer 16

Essential amino acids

Question 17

Proteins form the structural parts of cells and tissues, such as keratin in hair and fingernail

Answer 17

Structural proteins

Question 18

A fibrous protein found in connective tissues that support the skin, tendons, and ligaments

Answer 18

Collagen

Question 19

Speed up chemical reactions without themselves being chemically changed at the end of the process they catalyze

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

Characteristics of enzymes

Answer 20

• Enzymes are highly specific
• An enzyme can catalyze only a specific chemical reaction
• Enzymes are required in minute amounts
• one molecule of catalase can catalyze the breakdown of 5 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide in one second
• Enzyme reactions are affected by temperature
• most enzymes are only active at body temperature and then are inactive in low temperature
• different enzymes have optimum working temperature
• Enzyme reactions are affected by pH
• amylase works best at pH 7 and become denatured or destroyed, at highly acidic or basic conditions

Question 21

The presence of membrane proteins in the form of channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane aid cells to be selective in moving substances into and out of the cell

Answer 21

Transport proteins

Question 22

Another type of protein that plays an important role in the body’s defense system against disease-causing foreign organisms and particles, like bacteria and viruses, is called antibody

Answer 22

Defense proteins

Question 23

Produced by a specific type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance in the body, which is referred to as antigen

Answer 23

Antibodies

Question 24

Signal proteins that regulate body functions

Answer 24

Hormones

Question 25

In the form of actin and myosin are found in cells to allow movement and cause muscle contraction

Answer 25

Contractile proteins

Question 26

Serve as reserves of amino acids, which can be used later on to nourish the growth and development of organisms

Answer 26

Storage proteins

Question 27

Organic compounds that serve as the main source of energy in all organisms

Answer 27

Carbohydrates

Question 28

Simple sugars with only one sugar unit

Answer 28

Monosaccharides