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TRANSPORT MECHANISM > Chapter 2 - What's Inside The Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - What's Inside The Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Major composition of organic compounds

A

Carbon

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2
Q

Major source of fuel in the production of energy

A

Hydrogen

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3
Q

Essential part of water molecule and organic compound

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

Key element in proteins

A

Nitrogen

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5
Q

Major component of nucleic acids and energy-rich compound

A

Phosphorus

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6
Q

Part of some amino acids and vitamins

A

Sulfur

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7
Q

Major components of bones and acts as biological signals in the body

A

Calcium

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8
Q

Essential for nerve function

A

Sodium and potassium

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9
Q

Acts as a thermostat to regulate body temperature

A

Iodine

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10
Q

Needed by plants to incorporate nitrogen into a biologically useful substance

A

Molybdenum

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11
Q

Carrier of oxygen in the blood

A

Iron

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12
Q

Each elements is composed of identical particles called

A

Atoms

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13
Q

Positively charged

A

Proton

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14
Q

Negatively charged

A

Electron

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15
Q

Uncharged

A

Neutron

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16
Q

Attractions between ions of opposite charges

A

Ionic bonds

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17
Q

The type of bond when atoms of many elements share electrons is called

A

Covalent bond

18
Q

Attraction between shared atoms

A

Electronegativity

19
Q

An equal sharing of electrons

A

Nonpolar molecules

20
Q

Atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded compromised another pure substance called

A

Compounds

21
Q

Compounds without carbon

A

Inorganic compound

22
Q

Compounds with carbon

A

Organic compound

23
Q

Weak covalent bonds between a hydrogen atom and another atom

A

Hydrogen bond

24
Q

Most abundant inorganic compound inside the cell’s protoplasm

A

Water

25
Q

Water characteristics and functions in living systems

A
  • Water is a biological solvent
  • has the ability to dissolve many substances
  • Water molecules stick to each other and to surfaces
  • stick to one another through its hydrogen atoms in a property called cohesion
  • also cling to other surfaces called adhesion
  • excellent transport system
  • Water has high surface tension
  • water molecules strongly attract each other
  • Water has high heat capacity
  • prevents abrupt temperature changes in organisms
  • Water has high heat of vaporization
  • turn liquid to gas
  • helps prevent organisms from dehydration
  • Water has high heat of fusion
  • turn liquid to solid state or ice
  • organisms are protected from freezing at low temperatures
  • Water is a medium where chemical and physical processes take place
  • provides a medium for the breakdown and the formation of food, absorption, secretion, and excretion
  • Water serves as a moisturizer of surfaces
  • Water is a lubricant
  • prevents friction in joints during movement, in the heart during contraction, and in the intestines during digestion
  • Water is a good cushion
  • protects the brain and spinal chord
26
Q

Some covalent bonds of compounds break spontaneously into ions when dissolved in water. When this happens, hydrogen ion dissociates from the water molecule. This produce a positively particle and a negatively particle called

A 
Hydrogen ion (positive)
Hydroxide ion (negative)
27
Q

Process involved in spontaneous ion formation

A

Ionization

28
Q

Compounds that release hydrogen ions in solution

A

Acids

29
Q

A mixture of weak acid and its corresponding base that controls the pH of a given substance

A

Buffer

30
Q

Compounds that can be acid, base or salt

A

Electrolytes

31
Q

Moves to positively charged electrodes

A

Cations

32
Q

Move to negatively charged electrodes

A

Anions

33
Q

Bicarbonate

A
  • Regulates heart function

- Maintains body’s pH balanced

34
Q

Calcium

A
  • Component of bones and teeth

- Plays an important role in the nerve impulses and muscle movement

35
Q

Chloride

A
  • Maintains water balance
36
Q

Magnesium

A
  • Aids in production of DNA and RNA
  • Contributes to normal nerve and muscle function
  • Maintains normal heart rhythm
  • Enhances immune system
  • Regulates blood glucose levels
37
Q

Phosphate

A
  • Strengthens bones and teeth
38
Q

Potassium

A
  • Helps cells produce energy needed for tissue growth and repair
  • Aids in generating electrical impulses in the body for normal brain and muscle functioning
39
Q

Sodium

A
  • Helps with electrical signals in the body

- Part of water regulation

40
Q

Inorganic compound that is essential for organisms that perform photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide

TRANSPORT MECHANISM (3 decks)

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