Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Health and Illness

Question 1

What is the Nervous System?

Answer 1

The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system

Question 2

What does the sensory nerve focus on?

Answer 2

Input to the brain/spinal cord

Question 3

What do the motor nerves focus on?

Answer 3

Output from the brain/spinal cord to muscles and organs

Question 4

What consist of all the nerve cells?

Answer 4

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 5

Central Nervous System

Question 6

Where is CNS?

Answer 6

Brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What does PNS stand for?

Answer 7

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 8

What does the PNS comprise of?

Answer 8

The sensory/motor nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Question 9

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

Answer 9

Links the CNS with skeletal muscles

VOLUNTARY

Question 10

What is the Automatic Nervous System?

Answer 10

Links the CNS with interal organs

INVOLUNTARY

Question 11

What part is the Automatic Nervous System?

Answer 11

Peripheral NS

Question 12

What does the Automatic Nervous System control?

Answer 12

The glands and the muscles of the internal organs

Question 13

Where is the Sympathetic nervous system located?

Answer 13

Divisions of the autonomic NS

Question 14

What does the Sympathetic nervous system control?

Answer 14

Arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Question 15

Where is the Parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

Division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 16

What does the Parasympathetic nervous system control?

Answer 16

Calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 17

What is under the PNS?

Answer 17

Autonomic and Somatic NS

Question 18

What is under the Autonomic NS?

Answer 18

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 19

What is the order of an impulse?

Answer 19

Dendrities
Axon
Terminals
Synapses

Question 20

What is an example of neurotransmitters (NT)?

Answer 20

Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA

Question 21

What is GABA?

Answer 21

inhibitory of behaviors verbal and actions

Affected by age and alcohol

Question 22

What is in the Hindbrain?

Answer 22

Cerebellum
Medulla
Pons

Question 23

What is involved in Cerebellum?

Answer 23

Helps coordinate voluntary muscle movement.

Maintenance of balance

Question 24

What is involved in the Medulla?

Answer 24

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

Question 25

What is involved in Pons?

Answer 25

Link between hindbrain and midbrain Helps control breathing

Question 26

Where is the midbrain?

Answer 26

Pathway between hindbrain and forebrain

Question 27

What is the Midbrain in charge of?

Answer 27

Coordination of visual and auditory reflexes Sustantia nigra Superior Colliculus

Question 28

What is the Sustantia nigra?

Answer 28

Neurotransmitter dopamine Attention memory problem solving

Question 29

What is Superior Colliculus?

Answer 29

Receives input from the retina and the visual cortex

Question 30

What is in the Forebrain?

Answer 30

Limbic System Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex

Question 31

What is the Limbic System?

Answer 31

Neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres

Question 32

What is associated with the Limbic System?

Answer 32

Emotions and certain drives

Question 33

What was included in the Limbic System?

Answer 33

amygdala hippocampus hypothalamus

Question 34

What is the Amygdala?

Answer 34

Neural clusters that are components

Question 35

What is the Amygdala linked to?

Answer 35

Emotions

Question 36

What is the Hippocampus involved in?

Answer 36

Cognitive processes such as spatial orientation, learning, memory

Question 37

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 37

Directs several maintenance activities eating, drinking, body temperature

Question 38

What does the hypothalamus govern?

Answer 38

Endocrine system via the pituitary gland

Question 39

What is the hypothalamus linked to?

Answer 39

Brain's reward system

Question 40

What lobes are included in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 40

Frontal lobes Parietal lobes Occipital lobes Temporal lobes

Question 41

What is the cortex included in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 41

Motor cortex Association cortex Sensory cortex

Question 42

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 42

Executive Making plans and judgements Muscle movements Speech production

Question 43

What does frontal lobe contain?

Answer 43

Motor cortex

Question 44

What does the Parietal Lobes?

Answer 44

Receives information from skin and body Involved in representing space/your relationship to it

Question 45

What does the Parietal Lobe includes?

Answer 45

Sensory cortex

Question 46

What does the occipital lobe include?

Answer 46

The visual areas

Question 47

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 47

Receive visual information from the opposite visual field

Question 48

What does the Temporal Lobe include?

Answer 48

The auditory areas

Question 49

What does the Temporal Lobe do?

Answer 49

Retention of visual memories Major role in speech comprehension

Question 50

Where is the Motor Cortex?

Answer 50

The rear of the frontal lobe

Question 51

What does the Motor cortex do?

Answer 51

Control voluntary movements

Question 52

Where is the Sensory Cortex?

Answer 52

Front of the parietal lobe

Question 53

What does the sensory cortex do?

Answer 53

Registers and processes body sensations

Question 54

Where is the Association Cortex?

Answer 54

Areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 55

What is the Association cortex involved in?

Answer 55

In higher mental functions. Learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

Question 56

What is the Endocrine System?

Answer 56

Slow chemical communication system A set glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 57

What are hormones

Answer 57

Chemical messengers

Question 58

What produces hormones?

Answer 58

By the endocrine glands and in one tissue and affect another tissue

Question 59

What is involved in Adrenal Gland?

Answer 59

Adrenal medulla Adrenal cortex

Question 60

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 60

Above the kidneys

Question 61

What does the Adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 61

Epinephrine (adrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Question 62

What does the Adrenal medulla help with?

Answer 62

Help arouse the body in times of stress

Question 63

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 63

Cortisol

Question 64

What does the adrenal cortex help with?

Answer 64

Help to reduce swelling and inflammation

Question 65

What is involved in the Master-Control System

Answer 65

Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus

Question 66

What is the Pituitary gland?

Answer 66

Under the influence of the hypothalamus Regulates growth and control other endocrine glands

Question 67

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 67

CRH which is linked to pituitary glands

Question 68

What does the thyroid gland help with?

Answer 68

Helps regulate growth and metabolism

Question 69

What does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 69

Hormones are secreted by the parathyroid glands regulate level of calcium in the body

Question 70

What are the two main things in the Pancreas?

Answer 70

Glucagon and Insulin

Question 71

What does the glucagon include?

Answer 71

Increase the concentration of glucose in the blood

Question 72

What does the insulin control?

Answer 72

Insulin controls the conversion of sugar and carbohydrates into energy --> DECREASES blood sugar levels

Question 73

What is Cushing's Syndrome?

Answer 73

Rare

Question 74

What causes Cushing's Syndrome?

Answer 74

Result of excess production of cortisol by the adrenal glands Overproduction can be caused by a tumor in the pituarty/adrenal glands

Question 75

What are the symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome?

Answer 75

Upper body obesity w/ thin arms and legs Round face Increased fat around neck or fatty hump b/w the shoulders Reddened thin fragile skin that is slow to heal Reddish blue stretch marks Bone and muscles weakness Severe fatigue High blood pressure/blood sugar levels Irritability and anxiety or depression