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PSYCH2130 Health Psychology > Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Health and Illness > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Health and Illness Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Nervous System?

A

The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system

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2
Q

What does the sensory nerve focus on?

A

Input to the brain/spinal cord

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3
Q

What do the motor nerves focus on?

A

Output from the brain/spinal cord to muscles and organs

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4
Q

What consist of all the nerve cells?

A

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

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6
Q

Where is CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

What does PNS stand for?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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8
Q

What does the PNS comprise of?

A

The sensory/motor nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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9
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Links the CNS with skeletal muscles

VOLUNTARY

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10
Q

What is the Automatic Nervous System?

A

Links the CNS with interal organs

INVOLUNTARY

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11
Q

What part is the Automatic Nervous System?

A

Peripheral NS

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12
Q

What does the Automatic Nervous System control?

A

The glands and the muscles of the internal organs

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13
Q

Where is the Sympathetic nervous system located?

A

Divisions of the autonomic NS

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14
Q

What does the Sympathetic nervous system control?

A

Arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

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15
Q

Where is the Parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Division of the autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

What does the Parasympathetic nervous system control?

A

Calms the body, conserving its energy

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17
Q

What is under the PNS?

A

Autonomic and Somatic NS

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18
Q

What is under the Autonomic NS?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

What is the order of an impulse?

A

Dendrities
Axon
Terminals
Synapses

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20
Q

What is an example of neurotransmitters (NT)?

A

Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA

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21
Q

What is GABA?

A

inhibitory of behaviors verbal and actions

Affected by age and alcohol

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22
Q

What is in the Hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum
Medulla
Pons

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23
Q

What is involved in Cerebellum?

A

Helps coordinate voluntary muscle movement.

Maintenance of balance

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24
Q

What is involved in the Medulla?

A

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

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25
Q

What is involved in Pons?

A

Link between hindbrain and midbrain

Helps control breathing

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26
Q

Where is the midbrain?

A

Pathway between hindbrain and forebrain

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27
Q

What is the Midbrain in charge of?

A

Coordination of visual and auditory reflexes

Sustantia nigra

Superior Colliculus

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28
Q

What is the Sustantia nigra?

A

Neurotransmitter dopamine

Attention memory problem solving

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29
Q

What is Superior Colliculus?

A

Receives input from the retina and the visual cortex

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30
Q

What is in the Forebrain?

A

Limbic System
Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex

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31
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

Neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

What is associated with the Limbic System?

A

Emotions and certain drives

33
Q

What was included in the Limbic System?

A

amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus

34
Q

What is the Amygdala?

A

Neural clusters that are components

35
Q

What is the Amygdala linked to?

A

Emotions

36
Q

What is the Hippocampus involved in?

A

Cognitive processes such as spatial orientation, learning, memory

37
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Directs several maintenance activities eating, drinking, body temperature

38
Q

What does the hypothalamus govern?

A

Endocrine system via the pituitary gland

39
Q

What is the hypothalamus linked to?

A

Brain’s reward system

40
Q

What lobes are included in the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Occipital lobes
Temporal lobes

41
Q

What is the cortex included in the cerebral cortex?

A

Motor cortex
Association cortex
Sensory cortex

42
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

Executive
Making plans and judgements
Muscle movements
Speech production

43
Q

What does frontal lobe contain?

A

Motor cortex

44
Q

What does the Parietal Lobes?

A

Receives information from skin and body

Involved in representing space/your relationship to it

45
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe includes?

A

Sensory cortex

46
Q

What does the occipital lobe include?

A

The visual areas

47
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Receive visual information from the opposite visual field

48
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe include?

A

The auditory areas

49
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe do?

A

Retention of visual memories

Major role in speech comprehension

50
Q

Where is the Motor Cortex?

A

The rear of the frontal lobe

51
Q

What does the Motor cortex do?

A

Control voluntary movements

52
Q

Where is the Sensory Cortex?

A

Front of the parietal lobe

53
Q

What does the sensory cortex do?

A

Registers and processes body sensations

54
Q

Where is the Association Cortex?

A

Areas of the cerebral cortex

55
Q

What is the Association cortex involved in?

A

In higher mental functions.

Learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

56
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

Slow chemical communication system

A set glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

57
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers

58
Q

What produces hormones?

A

By the endocrine glands and in one tissue and affect another tissue

59
Q

What is involved in Adrenal Gland?

A

Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex

60
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

Above the kidneys

61
Q

What does the Adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

62
Q

What does the Adrenal medulla help with?

A

Help arouse the body in times of stress

63
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Cortisol

64
Q

What does the adrenal cortex help with?

A

Help to reduce swelling and inflammation

65
Q

What is involved in the Master-Control System

A

Pituitary Gland

Hypothalamus

66
Q

What is the Pituitary gland?

A

Under the influence of the hypothalamus

Regulates growth and control other endocrine glands

67
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

CRH which is linked to pituitary glands

68
Q

What does the thyroid gland help with?

A

Helps regulate growth and metabolism

69
Q

What does the thyroid secrete?

A

Hormones are secreted by the parathyroid glands regulate level of calcium in the body

70
Q

What are the two main things in the Pancreas?

A

Glucagon and Insulin

71
Q

What does the glucagon include?

A

Increase the concentration of glucose in the blood

72
Q

What does the insulin control?

A

Insulin controls the conversion of sugar and carbohydrates into energy –> DECREASES blood sugar levels

73
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Rare

74
Q

What causes Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Result of excess production of cortisol by the adrenal glands

Overproduction can be caused by a tumor in the pituarty/adrenal glands

75
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Upper body obesity w/ thin arms and legs
Round face
Increased fat around neck or fatty hump b/w the shoulders
Reddened thin fragile skin that is slow to heal
Reddish blue stretch marks
Bone and muscles weakness
Severe fatigue
High blood pressure/blood sugar levels
Irritability and anxiety or depression

PSYCH2130 Health Psychology (4 decks)

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