Chapter 2: Research in Health Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Critical Thinking include?

A

A questioning approach to all information and arguments.
Doesn’t blindly accept conclusions.
Examining all underlying assumptions
Evaluates evidence.

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2
Q

What is a theory?

A

A detailed explanation that has been tested many times and never shown to be false

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable prediction

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4
Q

What are scientific methods?

A

Systematic
Precision
Unbiased/Objective

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5
Q

What are “unscientific thinking”

A

Leaping to un-warranted (untested conclusions)

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6
Q

What is faulty reasoning?

A

Ignoring alternative explanations in the face of our own expectations

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7
Q

What is belief bias?

A

A form of faulty reasoning in which our expectations prevent us from seeing alternative explanations for our observations.

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8
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A

The scientific study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of a particular disease or other health outcome in population

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9
Q

What is an example of what Epidemiology focuses on?

A

COVID

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10
Q

What does morbidity focus on?

A

DISEASE
The number of causes of a specific illness, injury or disability in a given group of people at given time

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11
Q

What does mortality focus on?

A

DEATH
The number of death due to a specific cause in a given group at a given time

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12
Q

What is an incidence?

A

The number of new cases of a disease or condition that occur in a specific population within a defined time interval.

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13
Q

What is Prevalance

A

The total number of diagnosed cases of a disease or condition that exist at a given time.

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14
Q

What are the two Epidemiological Research Methods?

A

Retrospective Study
Prospective Study

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15
Q

What is a Retrospective study?

A

A backward looking study in which a group of people who have a certain condition are compared with a group of people who have a certain condition are compared with a group of people who are free of that condition

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16
Q

What is a Prospective Study?

A

A longitudinal study that follows a healthy group of subjects over time

17
Q

(T/F) Correlations means causation.

A

False

18
Q

What is a strongly positive correlation?

A

r= +1.00

19
Q

What is a strongly negative correlation?

A

r= -1.00

20
Q

What is a relationship hypothesis?

A

Testable statement about relationship between the two variables

21
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

Testable statement that assumes no relationship between two variables

22
Q

What is a random sample?

A

Group of people all have an equal chance of participating in the study; representative of the population to be studied

23
Q

What is a random assignment?

A

Every person has an equal chance of being assigned to either condition to minimize preexisting conditions