Chapter 3. Biological Elements Flashcards
How many bonds can carbon atoms form with other atoms?
Four
How many bonds can nitrogen atoms form with other atoms?
Three
How many bonds can oxygen form with other atoms?
Two
How many bonds can hydrogen form with other atoms?
One
What are calcium ions essential for?
Nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
What are sodium ions essential for?
Nerve impulse transmission and kidney function
What are potassium ions essential for?
Nerve impulse transmission and stomatal opening
What are hydrogen ions essential for?
Catalysis of reactions and pH determination
What are ammonium ions essential for?
Production of nitrate ions by bacteria
What are nitrate ions essential for?
Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acids and protein formation
What are hydrogen carbonate ions essential for?
Maintenance of blood pH
What are chloride ions essential for?
Balancing positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
What are phosphate ions essential for?
Cell membrane formation, nucleic acid and ATP formation and also bone formation
What are hydroxide ions essential for?
Catalysis of reactions and pH determination
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What elements do lipids contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What elements do proteins contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur
What elements do nucleic acids contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Do hydrogen and oxygen share electrons equally within their covalent bond?
No, oxygen has a greater share of electrons
Does water have a high boiling point?
Yes
What is different about water from carbon dioxide and oxygen?
it is liquid at room temperature because of the hydrogen bonding between water molecules
