Chapter 3: Biological Basis

Question 1

Function of the brainstem

1) Core
2) Hypothalamus
3) Brainstem

Answer 1

• regulates internal organs and vital functions
• basic drives and link between though and emotion and function of internal organs
• processing center for sensory information

Question 2

Function of the cerebellum

Answer 2

regulates skeletal muscles

Question 3

Function of the Cerebrum

Answer 3

• mental activities
• conscious sense of being
• emotional status
• memory
• control of skeletal muscles (movement)
• language and communication

Question 4

Structured imaging tests consists of

Answer 4

MRIs and CTs

Question 5

Functional imaging tests consists of

Answer 5

PETs

Question 6

Disturbances of mental function can be from:

Answer 6

• genes
• environment
• altered mental neurons (epi, norepi, dopamine, glutamate, GABA)

Question 7

Classification of drugs to treat anxiety and induce sleep (hypnotic)

Answer 7

Benzos

Question 8

Diazepam (Valium) is a type of drug to treat

Answer 8

anxiety

Question 9

Diazepam (Valium) has a long/short half-life

Answer 9

long

Question 10

Short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents include

Answer 10

Z-hypnotics

-Zolpidem (Ambien)
-esZopiclone (Lunesta)
Zaleiplon (Sonata))

Question 11

Melatonin is helpful in treating

Answer 11

insomnia

Question 12

Melatonin receptor agonists include:

Answer 12

Buspirone (BuSpar)
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Doxepin (Silenor)

Question 13

Classification of drugs that treat depression

Answer 13

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Question 14

TCA’s include:

Answer 14

• nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• amitriptyline (Elavil)
• Imipramine (Tofranil)

Question 15

-am, -pam

Answer 15

benzo

Question 16

-triptyline, -ine

Answer 16

TCA

Question 17

Major side effects of TCAs:

Answer 17

anticholinergic (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention)

orthostatic hypotension

Question 18

Type of therapy in which a negative stimulus is paired with a specific target behavior in order to suppress that behavior.

Ex:
painting nails w/ unpleasant tasting substances on fingernails of nail biters

Answer 18

aversion therapy

Question 19

Type of therapy that treats phobias (fears) and works by exposing the patient to that fear a little at a time.

Ex:
introducing short periods of visual presentations of flying for those who have a fear of flying

Answer 19

systematic desensitization

Question 20

Controlling the environment in order to control one’s behavior

Ex:
instead of smoking, chew gum

Answer 20

Watson’s behaviorism theory

Question 21

A method of learning that occurs through reward and punishment for “voluntary” behavior

Ex: do chores, you get rewarded

Answer 21

Skinner’s operation conditioning theory

Question 22

Refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell).

Ex:
bell rings, you salivate

Answer 22

Pavlov’s Conditioning Theory

Question 23

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 23

1) Physiological Needs
2) Safety
3) Sense of belongingness
4) Self-esteem
5) Self-actulization`

Question 24

Criteria for acute admission for mental health

Answer 24

1) danger to self - SI, HI

2) Unable to fulfill basic needs - disabled

Question 25

Major deficiency in these neurotransmitters are believed to cause depression

Answer 25

• norepinephrine
• serotonin
• dopamine

Question 26

You can expect high/low levels of _________ in patients who are schizophrenic

Answer 26

high dopamine

Question 27

Classification of drugs that treat depression

Answer 27

1) TCAs
2) SSRIs
3) MAOIs
4) ONA

Question 28

Lithium is used as a _______________ for disorders such as

Answer 28

mood stabilizer

bipolar

Question 29

When taking lithium, it is important to _____________ d/t its risk of causing ___________, _____________, and __________

Answer 29

monitor levels

-convulsions, liver failure, and grand Mal