Chapter 3: Biological Basis Flashcards
Function of the brainstem
1) Core
2) Hypothalamus
3) Brainstem
- regulates internal organs and vital functions
- basic drives and link between though and emotion and function of internal organs
- processing center for sensory information
Function of the cerebellum
regulates skeletal muscles
Function of the Cerebrum
- mental activities
- conscious sense of being
- emotional status
- memory
- control of skeletal muscles (movement)
- language and communication
Structured imaging tests consists of
MRIs and CTs
Functional imaging tests consists of
PETs
Disturbances of mental function can be from:
- genes
- environment
- altered mental neurons (epi, norepi, dopamine, glutamate, GABA)
Classification of drugs to treat anxiety and induce sleep (hypnotic)
Benzos
Diazepam (Valium) is a type of drug to treat
anxiety
Diazepam (Valium) has a long/short half-life
long
Short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents include
Z-hypnotics
-Zolpidem (Ambien)
-esZopiclone (Lunesta)
Zaleiplon (Sonata))
Melatonin is helpful in treating
insomnia
Melatonin receptor agonists include:
Buspirone (BuSpar)
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Doxepin (Silenor)
Classification of drugs that treat depression
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
TCA’s include:
- nortriptyline (Pamelor)
- amitriptyline (Elavil)
- Imipramine (Tofranil)
-am, -pam
benzo
-triptyline, -ine
TCA
Major side effects of TCAs:
anticholinergic (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention)
orthostatic hypotension
Type of therapy in which a negative stimulus is paired with a specific target behavior in order to suppress that behavior.
Ex:
painting nails w/ unpleasant tasting substances on fingernails of nail biters
aversion therapy
Type of therapy that treats phobias (fears) and works by exposing the patient to that fear a little at a time.
Ex:
introducing short periods of visual presentations of flying for those who have a fear of flying
systematic desensitization
Controlling the environment in order to control one’s behavior
Ex:
instead of smoking, chew gum
Watson’s behaviorism theory
A method of learning that occurs through reward and punishment for “voluntary” behavior
Ex: do chores, you get rewarded
Skinner’s operation conditioning theory
Refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell).
Ex:
bell rings, you salivate
Pavlov’s Conditioning Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
1) Physiological Needs
2) Safety
3) Sense of belongingness
4) Self-esteem
5) Self-actulization`
Criteria for acute admission for mental health
1) danger to self - SI, HI
2) Unable to fulfill basic needs - disabled
Major deficiency in these neurotransmitters are believed to cause depression
- norepinephrine
- serotonin
- dopamine
You can expect high/low levels of _________ in patients who are schizophrenic
high dopamine
Classification of drugs that treat depression
1) TCAs
2) SSRIs
3) MAOIs
4) ONA
Lithium is used as a _______________ for disorders such as
mood stabilizer
bipolar
When taking lithium, it is important to _____________ d/t its risk of causing ___________, _____________, and __________
monitor levels
-convulsions, liver failure, and grand Mal
