Chapter 2: Theories and Therapy

Question 1

Physiological theories helps us to explain __________

Answer 1

behaviors

Question 2

Freud’s level of awareness

Answer 2

Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious

Question 3

According to Freud’s, which level of awareness describes the following?

Includes all material a person is aware of at any time (perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies, and feelings)

Answer 3

Conscious

Question 4

According to Freud’s, which level of awareness describes the following?

Includes material that can be retrieved rather easily w/ conscious effort

Answer 4

Preconscious

Question 5

According to Freud’s, which level of awareness describes the following?

Includes all repressed memories, passions, and unacceptable urges; memories and emotions associated w/ trauma may be stored here

Answer 5

Unconscious

Question 6

Defense mechanisms all operate under which level of awareness?

Answer 6

Unconscious

Question 7

What two common features does defense mechanisms share?

Answer 7

1) operates at an unconscious level

2) they deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening

Question 8

Transference refers to

Answer 8

unconscious feelings a patient has towards a HC

Question 9

Countertransference refers to

Answer 9

unconscious feelings a HC has towards a patient

Question 10

Erikson’s focused on the theory of:

Answer 10

Development

Question 11

What are the first 5 stages of Development according to Erikson’s

Answer 11

birth - 1 = trust vs. mistrust

1 - 3 = autonomy vs. shame and doubt

3 - 6 = initiative vs. guilt

6 -12 = industry vs. inferiority

12 - 20 = identity vs. role confusion

Question 12

What are the last 3 stages of Development according to Erikson’s?

Answer 12

20 - 35 = Intimacy vs. isolation

35 - 65 = generativity vs. self-absorption

65+ = integrity vs. despair

Question 13

Sullivan’s theory focused on

Answer 13

interpersonal problems

Question 14

According to Sullivan, the purpose of all behavior is to:

Answer 14

get needs met through interpersonal interactions

reduce or avoid anxiety

Question 15

A painful feeling of emotion that arises from social insecurity or prevents biological needs from being satisfied is referred to as

Answer 15

anxiety

Question 16

Measures the individual employs to reduce anxiety and enhance security is referred to as

Answer 16

security-operations

Question 17

Peplau focused on

Answer 17

• the levels of anxiety
• interventions to lower anxiety
• improving patient’s ability to think and function