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science > chapter 3 - bio human body > Flashcards

chapter 3 - bio human body Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

parts of the excretory system

A

kidneys, bladder, and urethra

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2
Q

functions of the digestive system

A

takes in food, digests food, excretes solid waste

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3
Q

two types of digestion

A

mechanical/physical and chemical

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4
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

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5
Q

chemical digestion

A

breakdown of food molecules into usable parts

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6
Q

enzymes

A

biological chemicals used for chemical digestion

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7
Q

the mouth

A

where food enters the body

food is broken down by teeth and starch is broken down by saliva

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8
Q

esophagus

A

tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

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9
Q

salivary amylase

A

chemical used for chemical breakdown of starch in the mouth

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

connective tissue that closes over the windpipe

directs food down the esophagus

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11
Q

stomach

A

muscular bags

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12
Q

sphincter

A

muscular ring that controls the entry and exit of food to the stomach

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13
Q

(stomach) gastric juices

A

hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin

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14
Q

stomach mucus

A

protects the stomach wall from gastric juice

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15
Q

chyme

A

foods liquid form after digestion

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16
Q

small intestine

A

main site of chemical digestion

17
Q

absorption

A

nutrient molecules diffuse through the small intestine walls into the bloodstream

no energy required

18
Q

villi

A

finger like projections lining the small intestine giving extra surface area for diffusion

19
Q

large intestine

A

absorbing water, vitamins, and salts from indigestible food matter

20
Q

liver

A

produces bile that breaks down fat so its easier to digest

21
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed

22
Q

pancreas function

A

produces digestive enzymes and produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels

23
Q

functions of the circulatory system

A

TRANSPORTS nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

24
Q

Components of the circulatory system (3)

A

Blood, heart, blood vessels

25
Q

Plasma

A

liquid matrix (not chemical)
making up 55% of blood

26
Q

Red blood cells

A

contains hemoglobin which transports oxygen from lungs to tissues

27
Q

White blood cells

A

fights infection and builds immunity

28
Q

Platelets

A

produce blood clots

29
Q

Arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

30
Q

Veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood INTO the heart

31
Q

Capillaries

A

blood vessels that link arteries and veins; diffuses substances between blood and tissues

32
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

heart to lungs

33
Q

Systemic circuit

A

heart to body

34
Q

4 types of tissue

A

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

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