CHAPTER 3- AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

Neurotransmission

Answer 1

the arrival of the ACTION POTENTIAL
at the nerve ending leads to DEPOLARIZATION
Increase in intracellular Ca2+ initiates the fusion of the synaptic VESICLES with the presynaptic membrane and release of their contents
the neurotransmitter rapidly diffuses across the synapse and combines with specific RECEPTORS on the postsynaptic cell

Question 2

nervous system divides into

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system (nerves) and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Question 3

peripheral nervous system divides into

Answer 3

efferent (carry signals AWAY from the body) and afferent (inside CNS)

Question 4

Efferent division divides into

Answer 4

autonomic and somatic system
- auto: things we cant control
-somatic: things we can voluntary control

Question 5

autonomic system divides into (3)

Answer 5

enteric, parasympathetic, sympathetic

Question 6

Autonomic (ANS) anatomy

Answer 6

efferent neurons carry the signal to effector organs
-preganglionic from brainstem/spinal cord to the ganglionic transmitter
-postganglionic to the effector organ

Question 7

afferent neurons are important in

Answer 7

reflex regulation: example sensing pressure in the aortic arch

Question 8

what is a ganglion

Answer 8

collection of cell bodies in the PNS (peripheral)

Question 9

ANS 3 divisions differ in 3 different ways

Answer 9

-location of originating cells in the CNS
-location of the ganglia
-preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Question 10

ANS- sympathetic

Answer 10

-short pre fibers, long post fibers
-from one neuron, branches to many effector organs for a greater effect
-HIGHLY branched

Question 11

ANS-parasympathetic

Answer 11

• long pre fibers, short post fibers
• ganglia near the effector organs
  -one to one connection between pre and post nerves
  DISCREET response

Question 12

2 functions of symp and parasymp

Answer 12

-fight or flight response
-rest and digest response

Question 13

sympathetic: fight or flight

Answer 13

activation of effector organs and adrenal medulla, body prepared to unexpected stimuli during emergencies

ex) tracheal dilation

Question 14

parasympathetic: rest and digest

Answer 14

discrete activation of effector organs, maintain homeostasis and oppose/balance symp system

ex) dec heart rate

Question 15

what is the reflex arc?

Answer 15

sensor inputs from peripheral structures send afferent impulses to the CNS
- responds by sending out efferent reflex impulses via ANS

ex) sensor input such as drop in BP, the reflex response from ANS would inc blood pressure

Question 16

chemical signaling between cells (3)

Answer 16

hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters

Question 17

chem signaling: neurotransmitters

Answer 17

types: norepinephrine, epinephrine, Ach, dopamine, histamine, etc…

Question 18

main two types of neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Acetylcholine, Ach, and Norepinephrine, NE, primary chem signals in ANS

Question 19

autonomic vs somatic chemical signaling: what does one have that the other doesn’t?

Answer 19

ganglia. auto has ganglia and somatic doesn’t (sends to skeletal muscle not involved in effector organs)

Question 20

neurotransmitter signal transduction

Answer 20

neurotrans bind to receptors

Question 21

which two types of receptors do neurotransmitters bind to?

Answer 21

adrenergic and cholinergic receptors

Question 22

adrenergic receptors

Answer 22

release NE, norepinephrine

Question 23

cholinergic receptors

Answer 23

release Ach, nicotinic and muscarinic (ligand gated channels)