Chapter 3 Astronomy Pt. 2

Question 0

What are the terrestrial planets?

Answer 0

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.

• All have a high density, solid surface, high iron concentration
• slower rotating and faster revolving

Question 1

Sun

Answer 1

• everything revolves around the sun because it has so much gravity
• nothing crashes into the sun because of rotation of other planets
• sun is a low mass star

Question 2

Mercury

Answer 2

Smallest planet
Closest to the sun
Revolution of 88 of our days 
Rotation is 59 of our days
No atmosphere 
No moons 
Really hot daytime temps-450
Really cold nighttime temps-180

Question 3

Venus

Answer 3

Similar to earths size, extremely thick atmosphere, lots of active volcanoes, surface is hot and is getting hotter( due to extreme greenhouse gasses), 480 degrees, extreme acid rain is atmosphere

Question 4

Earth

Answer 4

• Only one with confirmed life

- h2o in all three states( solid, liquid and gas)

Question 5

Mars

Answer 5

Referred to as the red planet, most like earth and most likely to travel to(0- -90 degrees), has an atmosphere but it’s thinner then ours and main CO2, has H2o in solid form(ice), gas polar caps, has a massive ravine(canyon) that cuts its surface
-approximately 1/3 the gravity of earth

Question 6

Gas Giants

Answer 6

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Question 7

Uranus

Answer 7

• Mainly hydrogen and helium but also Methane
• rotates in a different axis and in the opposite direction
• forms an irregular magnetic field

Question 8

Neptune

Answer 8

• guessed to exist before we saw it
• bigger than Uranus
• high in methane

Question 9

Asteroids

Answer 9

• rocky, metallic chunks that revolve around the sun
• not large enough to be planets
• asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

Question 10

Meteor

Answer 10

Any space debris that is sucked into earths gravitational pull

Question 11

Meteorite

Answer 11

Any object that actually hits the earth

Question 12

Comets (dirty snowballs)

Answer 12

• composed of various things (methane H2O, metal, ammonia)

- will appear in night sky as a fire ball with a long trail

Question 13

Moons

Answer 13

• mercury and Venus have no moons
• the moon is essential to our survival
• moon caused tides
• Jupiter has most moons

Question 14

Pluto

Answer 14

• doesn’t hold it’s own orbit

- crosses Neptunes path every 15 yrs

Question 15

Kuiper’s belt

Answer 15

Disc shaped area with a collection of thousands of icy bodies

Question 16

Oort Cloud

Answer 16

The most outer region of the solar system

Question 17

Measuring distance in solar system

Answer 17

• We use AU

- 1 AU is 150 million km

Question 18

Jupiter

Answer 18

• Largest planet
• Has the most moons
• temperature is very cold(-150 degrees)

Question 19

Gas giants

Answer 19

• Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
• slow revolving, fast rotation
• less dense

Question 20

Saturn

Answer 20

• second larger planet
• has the second greatest amount of moons
• has distinctive rings causes by moon collision
• temp -180

Question 21

Uranus

Answer 21

• Spins on its side on a different axis

- forms an irregular magnetic field

Question 22

Stars

Answer 22

• Masses of hydrogen and helium undergoing nuclear fusion and emitting energy
• surface temp from a star can be determined by the colours we see from spectroscope

Question 23

Galaxies

Answer 23

• clumps of billions of stars and planets
• our galaxy is named the Milky Way
• shaped as a double spiral
• barrel shaped, elliptical shaped, irregular shaped

Question 24

Apparent magnitude

Answer 24

Star brightness and size as it appears to the naked eye

Question 25

Absolute magnitude

Answer 25

Actual size of brightness of a star

Our sun has a low absolute magnitude (4) but it’s apparent magnitude is (1)

Question 26

Universe

Answer 26

-everything, all time, all space, all dimensions.

Question 27

Cosmology

Answer 27

Is the study of how the universe began and how it is always changing

Question 28

The Big Bang theory

Answer 28

• states that the universe began 13.7 billion years ago because of an outward explosion
• formed stars planets and other solar bodies

Question 29

Evidence supporting Big Bang

Answer 29

-all things in space is spinning so they probably originated from an explosion.

Question 30

Doppler affect

Answer 30

Objects in motion emit energy differently than objects that are still.

Question 31

Solar flares and solar prominences

Answer 31

-Rapid discharges of charged gases or particles

• flares shoot directly from the sun into space
• prominences shoot back to the suns surface

Question 36

What is the definition of the Universe?

Answer 36

Everything in space; all galaxies and time

Question 37

What is the Big Bang Theory?

Answer 37

States that the world began with a massive outwards explosion.

Question 38

What proof do we have to support the Big Bang Theory?

Answer 38

• Everything is spinning

- The Doppler Effect

Question 39

What did Ury and Miller do?

Answer 39

They tried to make life from non living.