Chapter 3- Apparatus Safety And Operating Emerge Vehicles Flashcards
Selection of a driver in a career department
Promotion after time, written test, performance eval, personnel record check
Selection of a driver from academy
Basic driver/operator component training in school that qualifies candidates to try for it at a department.
Selection of a driver in a volunteer department
By chief- pass an eval after training,
experience, knowledge, good qualities
What do all fire departments do to maintain driver/operator integrity?
Regularly scheduled reviews and refresher courses.
What skills must a driver/operator have?
Reading, writing, computer, math, physical fitness, visual acuity, hearing
Which organization deals with the licensing requirements for D/O in Canada?
TC- Transport Canada
What are the exemptions as a d/o to following the rules and regulations in an emergency
Speed limits, direction of travel, direction of turns, parking statutes and ordinances
Who is responsible if the d/o is negligent?
The d/o and the jurisdiction they represent
What are the drawbacks to a collision for the fire department?
Delay of responders until new are deployed, reduced capacity until app can be replaced, cost litigation, financial burden
Where is the most common place for a collision?
Intersection
What can a d/o do to lower the chances of a collision?
Be familiar with app, roads, local traffic laws, practice/training in the area
What are the 7 causes of a collision?
Improper backing, reckless driving, excessive speed, lack of driving skill and experience, overloading and misuse, mech failure, d/o readiness
What is brake fade? How does it occur?
Loss of braking due to excessive use of brakes. Excessive braking causes them to heat and expand, creating wear.
How do you help prevent mechanical failure of an apparatus?
Pretrip inspection
How do you prevent poor vehicle design?
Have them made by a manufacturer. “Homebuilt” app made by the fire depo often have design probs.
Examples of driver impairment
Substance abuse, illness, depression, fatigue
Loading fire hose while in motion is common when loading what diameter of hose?
Large diameter 100mm or larger supply hose.
Why shouldn’t you over idle a Diesel engine?
Wastes fuel, causes a buildup of carbon in valves and pistons.
DPF
Burns particulates fully. Helps emit cleaner emissions.
What happens when the DEF tank isn’t full?
Reduces torque output, harms engine, reduces speed
Torque
Creates a rotational motion, helps increase speed
How long should you let an engine cool before turning it off?
3-5 minutes
Lugging
When throttle is applied when manual transmission is in too high a gear for rpm on engine
Overthrottling
Injecting Diesel engine with too much fuel- can’t be burnt fast enough.
Nfpa 1901
Standard for auto fire app
Sirens
Off on limited access highways
At what speed do apps outrun audible device range?
50mph
Strobe light activated preemption devices
Strobe lights on app used to activate sensors in traffic lights
Traffic signal preemption devices
Traffic control systems activated by siren
GPS based traffic signal preemption devices
Uses gps to transmit data to a radio receiver on traffic light
Nfpa 1500
Safety
Skidding
Excessive or abrupt braking
Visual lead time
Scan ahead
Braking distance
Distance travelled from time of pushing brakes to actual stop of vehicle
Total stopping distance
Combo of drivers reaction distance and vehicle braking distance
Reaction distance
Distance travelled from when driver moves foot from gas to brake
Acceleration skid
Gas pedal applied too quickly- lose traction- ease off acc, straighten front wheels
Locked wheel skid
Braking too hard at a high rate of speed, locking the wheels. Doesn’t matter which way the wheel is turned. Slow and straighten front wheels
ABS
Minimize skidding. Computer that monitors each wheel and controls pressure to brakes. Sensing device sends speed of tires to computer. When wheel begins to lock- computer compares to other to see if it should be turning. It reduces brake pressure and allows wheel to turn and then brakes again.
Aux braking systems
Reduces brake fade, and service brake maintenance costs. 4 types- ehxhaist brake, engine compression brake, transmission output retarder, electromagnetic retarder
Exhaust brakes
Least capable. Uses valve to restrict flow of exhaust, creating back pressure for braking
Engine compression brakes
Converts mech energy into heat by compressing engine intake and creating exhaust.
Electromagnetic retarders
On driveline or rear axle.electromagnetic field made by supplying electrical power to coils in retarder. Inhibits rotation of rotor and creates braking torque.
Transmission retarders
Viscous property of auto transmission fluid to retard driveline. Trans fluid put into retarder and energy is is absorbed into fluid. Affects rear wheels and adds heat to trans fluid.
Auto traction control (atc)
Reduces engine torque and applies it to wheels that still have traction.
Driver controlled differential lock
Forces both wheels to turn at same speed resulting in a lock of the differential to maximize traction
Inter axle differential lock
Allows speed diffs in the rear driving axles. Creates one solid driveline to get full torque from engine.
Roll Stability control
Reads accelerator and senses rollover. Computer slows app by reducing engine torque. May apply service brakes to wheels
Electronic stability control
Applies brakes independently to aim app in direction of steering (steering wheel sensor)
Stability system safety
Helps with stability around corners and changes in direction
Tillering
Tight turns and maneuvers. Tiller axle- allows tillers of tractor trailer app to maneuver through tight traffic.
Intake/discharge caps
Never remove a cap for a pressurized pump. Open bleeder or drain valve.
