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Chapter 3 Anti-Infective Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides action

A

Bacteriocidal, gram negative, nephro and oto toxicity, bind to 30s ribosomal unit disrupting protein synthesis, preg c

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2
Q

Aminoglycosides members

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin-polymycin B, amikacin, streptomycin

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3
Q

Gentamicin Usage

A

Aerobic Gram-negative inf of blood stream, lung, skin, bone, cns, abdominal, heart, staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus

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4
Q

Tobramycin

A

Preg D, similar to gentamicin

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5
Q

Neomycin-polymyxin B brand

A

Neosporin

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6
Q

Neomycin-polymyxin B usage

A

Topical, minor skin infections

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7
Q

Antimycobacterial agent - isoniazid

A

Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids - cell wall

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8
Q

Antimycobacterial agent - rifampin

A

Inhibits synthesis of RNA by preventing action of RNA polymerase

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9
Q

Isoniazid brands

A

Laniazid, Nydrazid

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10
Q

Antimycobacterial Agents use

A

Tuberculosis

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11
Q

Rifampin brands

A

Rifadin, rimactane

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12
Q

Rifampin uses

A

Tuberculosis (latent and active), Neisseria mengingitides, synergistic, preg C

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13
Q

Penicillins mechanism

A

Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes to prevent cross linking of cell wall

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14
Q

Penicillin members

A

Amoxicillin, Amox/clavulanate, ampicillin, cloxacillin, etc.

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15
Q

Amoxicillin brands

A

Amoxil, trimox

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16
Q

Amoxicillin Use

A

Upper respiratory inf, urinary tr, skin, Helicobacter pylori

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17
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanate brand

A

Augmentin

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18
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanate uses

A

Upper respiratory inf, urinary tr, skin, aerobic, anaerobic

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19
Q

Penicillin brands

A

Beepen VK, pen VK, Veetids

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20
Q

Penicillin uses

A

Streptococcus, uncomplicated anthrax, gingivitis, prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections, rheumatoid fever

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21
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Agent is given for prevention of reoccurance

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22
Q

Cephalosporins class members

A

Cefprozil, cefdinir, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalexin

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23
Q

Cephalosporins mechanism

A

Inhibits cell wall production by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes, inhibits peptidoglycan strand crosslinking

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24
Q

Cefdinir

A

Omnicef, respiratory inf, skin inf

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25
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Rocephin, respiratory inf, skin inf, urinary, gonorrhea, pelvic inflamm, bone and joint, abdom inf, Lyme

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26
Q

Cephalexin

A

Keflex, keftab, resp inf, skin, urinary

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27
Q

Fluoroquinolones members

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, respiratory, urinary, skin, anthrax, diarrhea, gonorrhea, anthrax

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28
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Levaquin, resp, urinary, skin

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29
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Avelox, resp,skin, abdom inf

30
Q

Glycopeptides action

A

Glycopeptides bind to d-alanyl-d-alanine to prevent cross linking, vancomycin only one in this class

31
Q

Vancomycin

A

Gram positive, resp, blood, skin, gastrointestinal, genitourinary

32
Q

Lincosamides

A

Only member clindamycin, skin, pneumonia, abd inf

33
Q

Clindamycin

A

Cleoxin, skin, pneumonia

34
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, inhibit protein synth by binding to 50s ribosomal unit

35
Q

Azithromycin

A

Zithromax, z-pak, zmax

36
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Biaxin,biaxin-xl, resp, skin, mai,mac, h. Pylori,

37
Q

Erythromycin

A

Ery-tab, E-Mycin, EES, EryPed, Ilosone, resp, skin, chlamydia, conjunctivitis, preop bowel prep

38
Q

Nitroimidazole class

A

Metronidazole is only one, cytotoxic antimicrobial effects

39
Q

Metronidazole

A

Flagella, anaerobic, c. Difficile, trichomoniasis, amebiasis, giardia, bact vaginosis, helicobacter pylori, gastrointestinal surgery

40
Q

Folic acid synthesis inhibitors members, action

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, folate inhibition by dihydrofolate reductase in bacteria

41
Q

Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole

A

Bactrim, septra, resp, urinary, skin, pneumocystis jirevect, toxoplasmosis, traveler’s diarrhea

42
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline, tetracycline,tigecycline, reverse binding to 30s ribosomal unit

43
Q

Doxycycline

A

Vibramycin, resp, chlamydia, rocky mtn spotted fever, typhus, rickettsiae, Lyme dis, tularemia

44
Q

Monocycline

A

Minocin, solodyn, respiratory, acne, skin, rocky mtn spotted fever , typhus, rickettsialpox, Lyme disease, plague tularemia

45
Q

Nitrofurans

A

Only one - nitrofurantoin, acute uncomplicated cystitis (urinary), interferes with metabolism and enzyme systems like acetyl coenzyme A

46
Q

Cyclic Lipopeptides

A

Only member-daptomycin (cubicin), skin, bacteremia,endocarditis, urinary

47
Q

Antifungals, polyenes

A

Binding to cell wall by polyenes

48
Q

Amphotericin b,

A

yeast, mold, febrile neutropenia, leishmaniasis

49
Q

Nystatin

A

Mycostatin, candidate inf

50
Q

Antifungals, triazoles

A

Fluconazole, itraconozole, voriconazol, inhibit cytochrome p450

51
Q

Fluconazole

A

Diflucan, candida, cryptococcal menginitis

52
Q

Itraconazole

A

Sporanox, candidiasis, mold, dimorphic fungal inf, onychomycosis

53
Q

Voriconazole

A

Vfend, aspergillosis, candidiasis, mold

54
Q

Antiviral, antiherpes

A

Acyclovir, valacyclovir, inhibited of viral DNA

55
Q

Acyclovir

A

Herpes simples, chicken pox, varicella-zoster, herpes encephalitis

56
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Herpes zoster, gen herpes

57
Q

Antiviral, anti influenza

A

Neuraminidase enzyme inhibitor, keeps viruses from release, only member Olstamivir (tamiflu)

58
Q

Antiretroviral, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptionase inhibitors

A

Lamivudine,emtricitabine, tenofovir, prevent viral replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase

59
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Tamiflu, influenza, prophylaxis

60
Q

Lamivudine

A

Epivir, epzicom, combivar, trizivir, HIV, chronic hepatitis

61
Q

Emtricitabine

A

Emtriva, truvada,HIV, chronic hep B

62
Q

Tenofovir

A

Viread, truvada, atripla, complera, stribild, HIV, chron hep B

63
Q

Abacavir

A

Ziagen, epzicom, HIV

64
Q

Antiretrovirals, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptonase inhibitors

A

Inhibit reverse transcriptionase, NNRTI, efavirenz (sustiva, atripla), HIV

65
Q

Antiretrovirals, protease inhibitors

A

Ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir, inhibit protease enzyme preventing viral maturation

66
Q

Ritonavir

A

Norvir, kaletra(w lopinivir), used as booster for other protease inhibitors

67
Q

Lopinavir/ritonavir

A

Kaletra, HIV

68
Q

Atazanavir

A

Reyataz, HIV

69
Q

Darunavir

A

Prezista, HIV

70
Q

Integrase inhibitors (antiretrovirals)

A

Raltegravir, inhibit integrase preventing proviral gene into human DNA

Pharmaceuticals (3 decks)

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