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Chapter 3 Anti-Infective Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides action

A

Bacteriocidal, gram negative, nephro and oto toxicity, bind to 30s ribosomal unit disrupting protein synthesis, preg c

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2
Q

Aminoglycosides members

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin-polymycin B, amikacin, streptomycin

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3
Q

Gentamicin Usage

A

Aerobic Gram-negative inf of blood stream, lung, skin, bone, cns, abdominal, heart, staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus

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4
Q

Tobramycin

A

Preg D, similar to gentamicin

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5
Q

Neomycin-polymyxin B brand

A

Neosporin

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6
Q

Neomycin-polymyxin B usage

A

Topical, minor skin infections

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7
Q

Antimycobacterial agent - isoniazid

A

Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids - cell wall

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8
Q

Antimycobacterial agent - rifampin

A

Inhibits synthesis of RNA by preventing action of RNA polymerase

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9
Q

Isoniazid brands

A

Laniazid, Nydrazid

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10
Q

Antimycobacterial Agents use

A

Tuberculosis

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11
Q

Rifampin brands

A

Rifadin, rimactane

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12
Q

Rifampin uses

A

Tuberculosis (latent and active), Neisseria mengingitides, synergistic, preg C

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13
Q

Penicillins mechanism

A

Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes to prevent cross linking of cell wall

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14
Q

Penicillin members

A

Amoxicillin, Amox/clavulanate, ampicillin, cloxacillin, etc.

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15
Q

Amoxicillin brands

A

Amoxil, trimox

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16
Q

Amoxicillin Use

A

Upper respiratory inf, urinary tr, skin, Helicobacter pylori

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17
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanate brand

A

Augmentin

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18
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanate uses

A

Upper respiratory inf, urinary tr, skin, aerobic, anaerobic

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19
Q

Penicillin brands

A

Beepen VK, pen VK, Veetids

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20
Q

Penicillin uses

A

Streptococcus, uncomplicated anthrax, gingivitis, prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections, rheumatoid fever

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21
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Agent is given for prevention of reoccurance

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22
Q

Cephalosporins class members

A

Cefprozil, cefdinir, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalexin

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23
Q

Cephalosporins mechanism

A

Inhibits cell wall production by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes, inhibits peptidoglycan strand crosslinking

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24
Q

Cefdinir

A

Omnicef, respiratory inf, skin inf

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25
Ceftriaxone
Rocephin, respiratory inf, skin inf, urinary, gonorrhea, pelvic inflamm, bone and joint, abdom inf, Lyme
26
Cephalexin
Keflex, keftab, resp inf, skin, urinary
27
Fluoroquinolones members
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, respiratory, urinary, skin, anthrax, diarrhea, gonorrhea, anthrax
28
Levofloxacin
Levaquin, resp, urinary, skin
29
Moxifloxacin
Avelox, resp,skin, abdom inf
30
Glycopeptides action
Glycopeptides bind to d-alanyl-d-alanine to prevent cross linking, vancomycin only one in this class
31
Vancomycin
Gram positive, resp, blood, skin, gastrointestinal, genitourinary
32
Lincosamides
Only member clindamycin, skin, pneumonia, abd inf
33
Clindamycin
Cleoxin, skin, pneumonia
34
Macrolides
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, inhibit protein synth by binding to 50s ribosomal unit
35
Azithromycin
Zithromax, z-pak, zmax
36
Clarithromycin
Biaxin,biaxin-xl, resp, skin, mai,mac, h. Pylori,
37
Erythromycin
Ery-tab, E-Mycin, EES, EryPed, Ilosone, resp, skin, chlamydia, conjunctivitis, preop bowel prep
38
Nitroimidazole class
Metronidazole is only one, cytotoxic antimicrobial effects
39
Metronidazole
Flagella, anaerobic, c. Difficile, trichomoniasis, amebiasis, giardia, bact vaginosis, helicobacter pylori, gastrointestinal surgery
40
Folic acid synthesis inhibitors members, action
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, folate inhibition by dihydrofolate reductase in bacteria
41
Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim, septra, resp, urinary, skin, pneumocystis jirevect, toxoplasmosis, traveler's diarrhea
42
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline, tetracycline,tigecycline, reverse binding to 30s ribosomal unit
43
Doxycycline
Vibramycin, resp, chlamydia, rocky mtn spotted fever, typhus, rickettsiae, Lyme dis, tularemia
44
Monocycline
Minocin, solodyn, respiratory, acne, skin, rocky mtn spotted fever , typhus, rickettsialpox, Lyme disease, plague tularemia
45
Nitrofurans
Only one - nitrofurantoin, acute uncomplicated cystitis (urinary), interferes with metabolism and enzyme systems like acetyl coenzyme A
46
Cyclic Lipopeptides
Only member-daptomycin (cubicin), skin, bacteremia,endocarditis, urinary
47
Antifungals, polyenes
Binding to cell wall by polyenes
48
Amphotericin b,
yeast, mold, febrile neutropenia, leishmaniasis
49
Nystatin
Mycostatin, candidate inf
50
Antifungals, triazoles
Fluconazole, itraconozole, voriconazol, inhibit cytochrome p450
51
Fluconazole
Diflucan, candida, cryptococcal menginitis
52
Itraconazole
Sporanox, candidiasis, mold, dimorphic fungal inf, onychomycosis
53
Voriconazole
Vfend, aspergillosis, candidiasis, mold
54
Antiviral, antiherpes
Acyclovir, valacyclovir, inhibited of viral DNA
55
Acyclovir
Herpes simples, chicken pox, varicella-zoster, herpes encephalitis
56
Valacyclovir
Herpes zoster, gen herpes
57
Antiviral, anti influenza
Neuraminidase enzyme inhibitor, keeps viruses from release, only member Olstamivir (tamiflu)
58
Antiretroviral, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptionase inhibitors
Lamivudine,emtricitabine, tenofovir, prevent viral replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase
59
Oseltamivir
Tamiflu, influenza, prophylaxis
60
Lamivudine
Epivir, epzicom, combivar, trizivir, HIV, chronic hepatitis
61
Emtricitabine
Emtriva, truvada,HIV, chronic hep B
62
Tenofovir
Viread, truvada, atripla, complera, stribild, HIV, chron hep B
63
Abacavir
Ziagen, epzicom, HIV
64
Antiretrovirals, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptonase inhibitors
Inhibit reverse transcriptionase, NNRTI, efavirenz (sustiva, atripla), HIV
65
Antiretrovirals, protease inhibitors
Ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir, inhibit protease enzyme preventing viral maturation
66
Ritonavir
Norvir, kaletra(w lopinivir), used as booster for other protease inhibitors
67
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Kaletra, HIV
68
Atazanavir
Reyataz, HIV
69
Darunavir
Prezista, HIV
70
Integrase inhibitors (antiretrovirals)
Raltegravir, inhibit integrase preventing proviral gene into human DNA

Pharmaceuticals (3 decks)

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