chapter 3 and 4

Question 1

explain how the three branches of government regulate human resource management

Answer 1

• legislative branch develops laws such as those governing equal employment.
• executive branch establishes agencies such as the EEOC to enforce laws.
• judicial branch hears cases related to employment law and interprets the law.

Question 2

civil rights acts of 1866 and 1871

Answer 2

grant all personals equal rights and the right to sue if they have been deprived of civil rights.

Question 3

equal pay act of 1963

Answer 3

requires equal pay for men and women who are doing work that is equal in terms of skill.

Question 4

title VII of the civil rights act of 1964

Answer 4

prohibits employment discrimination

Question 5

age discrimination in employment act

Answer 5

prohibits employment discrimination against persons older than 40

Question 6

vocational rehabilitation act of 1973

Answer 6

requires that federal contractors engage in affirmation action in the employment of persons with disabilities.

Question 7

Vietnam era veterans readjustment act of 1974

Answer 7

requires affirmation action in employment of veterans who served during the vietnam war

Question 8

pregnancy discrimination act of 1978

Answer 8

treats discrimination based on pregnancy related conditions as illegal sex discrimination

Question 9

the americans disabilities act of 1990

Answer 9

requires reasonable accommodations for qualified workers with disabilities

Question 10

civil rights act of 1991

Answer 10

provides for compensatory and punitive damages in cases of discrimination

Question 11

uniformed services employment and reemployment act of 1994

Answer 11

requires that employers employ service members who left jobs to fulfill military duties

Question 12

genetic information nondiscrimination act of 2008

Answer 12

forbids employers from using genetic information in making decisions related to employment.

Question 13

lilly ledbetter fair pay act of 2009

Answer 13

allows employees to claim discriminatory compensation within a set time after receiving a discriminatory paycheck.

Question 14

identify the federal agencies that enforce equal employment opportunity, and describe the role of each.

Answer 14

• equal employment opportunity commission- responsible for enforcing most of the EEO laws. investigates and resolves complaints, gathers information, and issues guidelines.
• the office of federal contract compliance procedures- responsible for enforcing executive orders that call for affirmation action by companies that do business with the federal government.

Question 15

describe ways employers can avoid illegal discrimination and provide reasonable accommodation.

Answer 15

• avoid mistreatment of job applicants and employees.
• companies can develop and enforce EEO policies and place high value on diversity.
• companies should recognize employees needs based on religion or disabilities and provide for them.

Question 16

define sexual harassment, and tell how employers can eliminate or minimize it.

Answer 16

• sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual advances and related behavior that makes submitting to the conduct a term of employment or employment decisions or interferes with an employees work performance.
• can prevent it by developing policies that defines and forbids it.

Question 17

describe the role of the occupational safety and health administration.

Answer 17

• publishes regulations and conducts inspections.

- if OSHA finds violations, it discusses it with the employer and monitors employers response to violations.

Question 18

discuss ways employers promote worker safety and health

Answer 18

• employers can establish safety awareness programs designed to instill emphasis on safety.
• identify and communicate hazards.
• adapt training and communication to different employees based on experience or skill
• establish incentive programs to reward safe behavior.

Question 19

summarize the elements of work flow analysis

Answer 19

1st-analyze the amount and quality of a work units outputs
2nd-determines the work processes required to produce outputs
3rd-identify inputs used to carry out the processes.

Question 20

describe how work flow is related to an organization’s structure

Answer 20

• within an organization, units and individuals must cooperate to create outputs and the organizations structure brings people together for this purpose.
• people grouped together based on specific functions or products
• functional structure is for people who perform highly specialized jobs.

Question 21

define the elements of a job analysis, and discuss their significance for HRM

Answer 21

• job analysis is the process of getting detailed information about jobs. it includes preparation of job descriptions and job specifications.
• job description lists the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job.
• job specification looks at qualities needed to perform job.

Question 22

tell how to obtain information for a job analysis

Answer 22

• information usually comes from supervisors and coworkers.

- job analysts, employees, and managers may complete a position of analysis questionnaire or fill out surveys.

Question 23

summarize recent trends in job analysis

Answer 23

• today’s workforce requires a high degree of adaptability, job tasks, and requirements are subject to change.
• organizations are also adopting project based structures and teamwork, which require flexibility.

Question 24

describe methods for designing a job so that it can be done efficiently.

Answer 24

• the basic technique for designing efficient jobs is industrial engineering, which looks for simplest way to structure work to maximize efficiency.
• time and motion studies create jobs that are relatively simple and typically repetitive.

Question 25

identify approaches to designing a job to make it motivating.

Answer 25

• jobs are more motivating if they have greater skill variety, take significance, and feedback about job performance.
• self-managing work teams offer greater skill variety.
• flexible work schedules

Question 26

explain how organizations apply ergonomics to design safe jobs

Answer 26

• goal of ergonomics is to minimize physical strain on the worker by structuring the work around the way a body works.
• ergonomic design involve 1. modifying equipment and 2. redesigning the jobs themselves to reduce strain.
• may be targeted as a result of injuries