Chapter 3: Anatomy and Physiology of Speech

Question 1

What are the three major systems?

Answer 1

respiratory, laryngeal, & supralaryngeal

Question 2

Describe the role of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Primary role of respiratory system; breathing to maintain life
Also vital for speech since it cannot occur w/o steady supply of air from the lungs
Major players in this system: lungs, trachea, rib cage, thorax, abdomen, diaphragm, other major muscle groups

Question 3

Describe the relationship between inhaling and exhaling

Answer 3

When sitting the time for both is fairly equal; inhaling makes up 40%, exhales makes up 60%: for on inhale/ exhale cycle
For speech the relationship changes; for speech production inhaling takes up 10%, 90% is devoted to exhale; during inhale-exhale cycle

Question 4

Define thoracic cavity and what is its role

Answer 4

aka chest cavity; for every inhale- it must expand in order to make room for the expansion of the lungs

Question 5

Define diaphram

Answer 5

major muscle that separates the abds form the thorax

Question 6

What is the location of the external intercostal muscles?

Answer 6

Located b/w the rib

Question 7

Define sternum

Answer 7

Aka: the breast bone and rib cage rise when the muscles of inhalation contract

Question 8

What happens in the lungs when we inhale

Answer 8

In order to equalize the air pressure b/w the lungs and the environment, thus air rushes into the lungs
As the lungs expand, the air pressure inside the lungs less than the air pressure in the environment
AKA: NEGATIVE PRESSURE

Question 9

What happens in the lungs when we exhale

Answer 9

The diaphragm begins to relax and rise, returning to OG position
Rib cage becomes smaller and lowers- cause the relaxation of inhale muscles& contraction of the intercostal muscles

Question 10

Where are the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 10

Located b/w the ribs but located deep beneath the external intercostal
Resulting in; expulsion of airstream thru the trachea

Question 11

Define trachea

Answer 11

aka; windpipe

connects the lungs with the larynx, is a tube comprised of cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissue

Question 12

Define larynx and where is located

Answer 12

voice box; in the laryngeal system; Attached inferiorly/ below the trachea; and superiorly/above curtains like ligament

Question 13

Define hyoid bone

Answer 13

aka; floating bone; only bone in the human body that does not attach to another bone
Also; attaches to the tongue and the mandible- lower jaw

Question 14

Define vocal folds and what is its location

Answer 14

aka vocal cords; located in larynx

Made of muscle; attach anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage

Question 15

Define thyroid cartilage and what is its location

Answer 15

the most anterior cartilage of the larynx to which the vocal folds attach; the notch of the thyroid cartilage forms the “Adam’s apple”

Question 16

Define arytenoid cartilage and what is its location

Answer 16

paired cartilages of the larynx that situated atop the cricoid

Question 17

Define cricoid cartilage and what is it location

Answer 17

the most inferior cartilage of the larynx, shaped like a class ring

Question 18

Define epiglottis

Answer 18

a cartilaginous structure that protects the larynx from food and drink during swallowing

Question 19

The basic rate of vocal fold vibration is called

Answer 19

the fundamental frequency.

Question 20

Another name for the lower jaw.

Answer 20

the mandible

Question 21

The anatomical term anterior means

Answer 21

front of.

Question 22

The anatomical term inferior means

Answer 22

below

Question 23

The anatomical term superior means

Answer 23

above

Question 24

The anatomical term posterior means

Answer 24

the rear

Question 25

A major muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen.

Answer 25

the diaphragm

Question 26

The air pressure below the vocal folds is called

Answer 26

subglottal pressure

Question 27

The -------the portion of the tongue just posterior to the tip.The tip is also known as ------

Answer 27

blade; apex

Question 28

The tongue dorsum is composed of the

Answer 28

the front and back

Question 29

Another name for the sound quality is

Answer 29

timber

Question 30

The pharynx is ---- to the esophagus

Answer 30

superior

Question 31

The lips are ---- to the teeth

Answer 31

anterior

Question 32

The dorsum of the tongue is ---- to the lips

Answer 32

posterior

Question 33

The uvula is ---- to the velum

Answer 33

posterior

Question 34

The nasal cavity is ---- to the oral cavity

Answer 34

superior

Question 35

The tongue is ----- to the palate

Answer 35

inferior

Question 36

The larynx is ----- to the trachea

Answer 36

superior

Question 37

The arytenoid cartilages are -----to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 37

posterior

Question 38

The alveolar ridge is ---- to the hard palate

Answer 38

posterior

Question 39

The laryngopharynx is ---- to the oropharynx

Answer 39

inferior

Question 40

T/ F; The phoneme /s/ is an alveolar sound.

Answer 40

T

Question 41

T/F; Vibration of the vocal folds is termed articulation.

Answer 41

F

Question 42

T/F; The tongue is involved in production of labiodental phonemes.

Answer 42

F

Question 43

T/F; The hyoid bone does not attach to any other bone.

Answer 43

T

Question 44

T/F; The upper lip is supported by the maxilla.

Answer 44

T

Question 45

T/F; When speaking, the period of time devoted to inhalation and exhalation is fairly equal.

Answer 45

F

Question 46

T/F; The root of the tongue attaches to the mandible.

Answer 46

T

Question 47

T/F; When the vocal folds are together, they are said to be adducted.

Answer 47

T

Question 48

T/F; The oral and nasal cavities join at the larynx.

Answer 48

F

Question 49

T/F; The diaphragm contracts and lowers during the process of inhalation.

Answer 49

T

Question 50

Consonant produced with a constriction formed at the lips (e.g., /f and v/ p, b, m)

Answer 50

LIBIAL

Question 51

Phonemes that are produced by the tongue and the teeth are CALLED

Answer 51

DENTAL

Question 52

Phonemes include /d, l, n, s, and z/.; although the tongue doesn’t directly come in contact it is considered due to proximity

Answer 52

alveolar

Question 53

consonant produced with a constriction formed by the back of the tongue and the velum (e.g., /k, ɡ, and ŋ/)

Answer 53

velar