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PHONETICS > Chapter 3: Anatomy and Physiology of Speech > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major systems?

A

respiratory, laryngeal, & supralaryngeal

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2
Q

Describe the role of the respiratory system

A

Primary role of respiratory system; breathing to maintain life
Also vital for speech since it cannot occur w/o steady supply of air from the lungs
Major players in this system: lungs, trachea, rib cage, thorax, abdomen, diaphragm, other major muscle groups

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3
Q

Describe the relationship between inhaling and exhaling

A

When sitting the time for both is fairly equal; inhaling makes up 40%, exhales makes up 60%: for on inhale/ exhale cycle
For speech the relationship changes; for speech production inhaling takes up 10%, 90% is devoted to exhale; during inhale-exhale cycle

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4
Q

Define thoracic cavity and what is its role

A

aka chest cavity; for every inhale- it must expand in order to make room for the expansion of the lungs

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5
Q

Define diaphram

A

major muscle that separates the abds form the thorax

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6
Q

What is the location of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Located b/w the rib

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7
Q

Define sternum

A

Aka: the breast bone and rib cage rise when the muscles of inhalation contract

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8
Q

What happens in the lungs when we inhale

A

In order to equalize the air pressure b/w the lungs and the environment, thus air rushes into the lungs
As the lungs expand, the air pressure inside the lungs less than the air pressure in the environment
AKA: NEGATIVE PRESSURE

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9
Q

What happens in the lungs when we exhale

A

The diaphragm begins to relax and rise, returning to OG position
Rib cage becomes smaller and lowers- cause the relaxation of inhale muscles& contraction of the intercostal muscles

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10
Q

Where are the internal intercostal muscles

A

Located b/w the ribs but located deep beneath the external intercostal
Resulting in; expulsion of airstream thru the trachea

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11
Q

Define trachea

A

aka; windpipe

connects the lungs with the larynx, is a tube comprised of cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissue

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12
Q

Define larynx and where is located

A

voice box; in the laryngeal system; Attached inferiorly/ below the trachea; and superiorly/above curtains like ligament

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13
Q

Define hyoid bone

A

aka; floating bone; only bone in the human body that does not attach to another bone
Also; attaches to the tongue and the mandible- lower jaw

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14
Q

Define vocal folds and what is its location

A

aka vocal cords; located in larynx

Made of muscle; attach anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Define thyroid cartilage and what is its location

A

the most anterior cartilage of the larynx to which the vocal folds attach; the notch of the thyroid cartilage forms the “Adam’s apple”

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16
Q

Define arytenoid cartilage and what is its location

A

paired cartilages of the larynx that situated atop the cricoid

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17
Q

Define cricoid cartilage and what is it location

A

the most inferior cartilage of the larynx, shaped like a class ring

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18
Q

Define epiglottis

A

a cartilaginous structure that protects the larynx from food and drink during swallowing

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19
Q

The basic rate of vocal fold vibration is called

A

the fundamental frequency.

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20
Q

Another name for the lower jaw.

A

the mandible

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21
Q

The anatomical term anterior means

A

front of.

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22
Q

The anatomical term inferior means

A

below

23
Q

The anatomical term superior means

A

above

24
Q

The anatomical term posterior means

A

the rear

25
Q

A major muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen.

A

the diaphragm

26
Q

The air pressure below the vocal folds is called

A

subglottal pressure

27
Q

The ——-the portion of the tongue just posterior to the tip.The tip is also known as ——

A

blade; apex

28
Q

The tongue dorsum is composed of the

A

the front and back

29
Q

Another name for the sound quality is

A

timber

30
Q

The pharynx is —- to the esophagus

A

superior

31
Q

The lips are —- to the teeth

A

anterior

32
Q

The dorsum of the tongue is —- to the lips

A

posterior

33
Q

The uvula is —- to the velum

A

posterior

34
Q

The nasal cavity is —- to the oral cavity

A

superior

35
Q

The tongue is —– to the palate

A

inferior

36
Q

The larynx is —– to the trachea

A

superior

37
Q

The arytenoid cartilages are —–to the thyroid cartilage

A

posterior

38
Q

The alveolar ridge is —- to the hard palate

A

posterior

39
Q

The laryngopharynx is —- to the oropharynx

A

inferior

40
Q

T/ F; The phoneme /s/ is an alveolar sound.

A

T

41
Q

T/F; Vibration of the vocal folds is termed articulation.

A

F

42
Q

T/F; The tongue is involved in production of labiodental phonemes.

A

F

43
Q

T/F; The hyoid bone does not attach to any other bone.

A

T

44
Q

T/F; The upper lip is supported by the maxilla.

A

T

45
Q

T/F; When speaking, the period of time devoted to inhalation and exhalation is fairly equal.

A

F

46
Q

T/F; The root of the tongue attaches to the mandible.

A

T

47
Q

T/F; When the vocal folds are together, they are said to be adducted.

A

T

48
Q

T/F; The oral and nasal cavities join at the larynx.

A

F

49
Q

T/F; The diaphragm contracts and lowers during the process of inhalation.

A

T

50
Q

Consonant produced with a constriction formed at the lips (e.g., /f and v/ p, b, m)

A

LIBIAL

51
Q

Phonemes that are produced by the tongue and the teeth are CALLED

A

DENTAL

52
Q

Phonemes include /d, l, n, s, and z/.; although the tongue doesn’t directly come in contact it is considered due to proximity

A

alveolar

53
Q

consonant produced with a constriction formed by the back of the tongue and the velum (e.g., /k, ɡ, and ŋ/)

A

velar

PHONETICS (3 decks)

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