Chapter 3- Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

Toward the front

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

toward the back

Question 3

Ventral

Answer 3

toward the abdomen

Question 4

dorsal

Answer 4

toward the back

Question 5

superior

Answer 5

toward the top

Question 6

inferior

Answer 6

toward the bottom

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

toward the body

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Away from the body

Question 9

Medial

Answer 9

Toward the midline

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

toward the side

Question 11

afferent

Answer 11

toward the central nervous system

Question 12

efferent

Answer 12

going away from the central nervous system

Question 13

central nervous system

Answer 13

brain and spinal cord

Question 14

peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

nerves that emerge from the brain and spinal cord to innervate the rest of the body

Question 15

cranial nerves

Answer 15

12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain

Question 16

spinal nerves

Answer 16

31 pairs of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord

Question 17

neurons

Answer 17

highly specialized cells that make up the nervous system and carry it’s sensory and motor information

Question 18

dendrites

Answer 18

afferent extensions that bring nerve impulses into the cell body

Question 19

axons

Answer 19

efferent extensions that take nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 20

synapse

Answer 20

space where two neurons meet

Question 21

neurotransmitters

Answer 21

chemical agents that help to carry information across the synaptic cleft, which is the minute space between the axon of the transmitting neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron

Question 22

Myelin

Answer 22

coating or sheath of neuron that contributes to the rapid relay of nerve impulses

Question 23

brain

Answer 23

chief operator of the central nervous system, initiates and regulates all motor, sensory, and cognitive processes

Question 24

brain stem

Answer 24

sits directly on top of the spinal cord, consists of nerve tracts that carry sensory information to the brain and motor information away from the brain

Question 25

cerebellum

Answer 25

“little brain”, sits posterior to brain stem, responsible for regulating motor and muscular activity

Question 26

cerebrum

Answer 26

aka cerebral cortex, governs the unique human qualities of thinking, problem solving, planning, creating, and rationalizing

Question 27

meniges

Answer 27

three layer membranes that complete encase the CNS

Question 28

skull

Answer 28

bone that covers the brain

Question 29

vertebral column

Answer 29

covers the spinal cord

Question 30

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 30

fluid that circulates between the innermost two layers of the meninges

Question 31

corpus callosum

Answer 31

band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum, serving as a conduit for communication between them