Chapter 3 all sections

Question 1

heredity

Answer 1

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

Question 2

dominant trait

Answer 2

the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred

Question 3

recessive trait

Answer 3

a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred

Question 4

gene

Answer 4

one set of instructions for an inherited trait

Question 5

allele

Answer 5

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

Question 8

probability

Answer 8

the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event

Question 9

homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Question 10

meiosis

Answer 10

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half of the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells

Question 11

sex chromosome

Answer 11

one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Question 12

pedigree

Answer 12

a diagram that shows the occurrence of the genetic trait in several generations of a family