Chapter 3: A&P of Speech & Language

Question 1

What is inspiration?

Answer 1

Drawing air into the lungs
Increase in thoracic cavity volume

Question 2

What is expiration?

Answer 2

Breathing air out from the lungs
Decrease in thoracic cavity volume

Question 3

What is respiration?

Answer 3

Movement of air into the lungs allowing for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

Question 4

Describe the thoracic cavity.

Answer 4

Located in the upper part of the trunk
Contains respiration and circulation organs
Ribcage and sternum provide protection

Question 5

What is the trachea?

Answer 5

“Windpipe,” below the larynx and splits off into the lungs.

Question 6

Define cartilage.

Answer 6

Firm, fibrous, strong connective tissue.

Question 7

How many muscles are in the respiratory system?

Answer 7

26 pairs

Question 8

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Large, dome-shaped muscle that separates thoracic/abdominal cavity.

Question 9

What are the muscles between each rib?

Answer 9

External/Internal Intercoastal muscles

Question 10

List the process of respiration.

Answer 10

1. Brainstem sends message for inhalation
2. Diaphragm contracts
3. Volume increases, pressure decreases
4. Greater environment pressure flows into alveoli and they expand
5. Alveoli deflates (expiration)
6. Pressure increases, air is forced out

Question 11

What is the larynx?

Answer 11

“Voicebox”
Stacked structure
Movement of larynx alters aspects of voice

Question 12

What is the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 12

Cartilage that encloses and protects the vocal folds.

Question 13

Describe the Adam’s Apple.

Answer 13

Laryngeal Prominence
Front point of the larnyx

Question 14

Describe the cricoid cartilage.

Answer 14

Located on top of the first tracheal ring
Circular shape

Question 15

Describe the function of the artneoid cartilage.

Answer 15

Rotates to open/close vocal folds
Pivots to change pitch

Question 16

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 16

Protects airway during swallowing.

Question 17

Describe the true vocal folds.

Answer 17

Covered in a pearly white mucous membrane
Prevents food/liquid from entering lungs/trachea
Produces voice

Question 18

What is the glottis?

Answer 18

The space between the open folds

Question 19

Describe the vocal folds while breathing or during phonation.

Answer 19

Breathing: at rest, partially open
Phonation: closed

Question 20

List the process of phonation.

Answer 20

1. Brain tells TVF to close
2. Brain tells the respiratory system to exhale
3. Air pressure below vocal folds builds up
4. Vocal folds blows open repeatedly
5. Puffs escape between folds.

Question 21

What are the puffs of air during phonation?

Answer 21

Voice

Question 22

What is frequency?

Answer 22

Number of complete cycles (opening/closing) per second that the vocal folds vibrate
Measured in hertz

Question 23

What is pitch?

Answer 23

Psychological perception of frequency

Question 24

What is the normal frequency for males/females?

Answer 24

Females: 220 Hz
Males: 120 Hz

Question 25

What is fundamental frequency?

Answer 25

The normal voicing of “ah”

Question 26

What is intensity?

Answer 26

The force with which the vocal folds open/close
The amount of air that escapes the folds
Measured in dB

Question 27

What is loudness?

Answer 27

Psychological perception of intensity

Question 28

What is intonation?

Answer 28

Variability of voice (loudness, pitch, duration)

Question 29

Describe normal voice quality.

Answer 29

Nontense
Nonbreathy
No extraneous noise
Easily produced/sustained
Subjective