Chapter 1: Essentials of Communication

Question 1

What is communication?

Answer 1

Any means through which individuals relate wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, and knowledge to others.

Question 2

What is a communication disorder?

Answer 2

An impairment in the ability to receive, send, and comprehend messages verbally, nonverbally, and graphically.

Question 3

What does an SLP do?

Answer 3

Trained in treating, preventing, diagnosing speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing disorders.

Question 4

What are modalities?

Answer 4

The various ways in which we communicate.

Question 5

Differentiate between receiving and sending modalities.

Answer 5

Receiving: auditory, visual, tactile.
Sending: verbal, graphic, visual

Question 6

What is language?

Answer 6

The socially shared code for representing concepts through symbols and a combination of those symbols.

Question 7

What is prosody?

Answer 7

Voice inflections that help listeners understand the intent of a message.

Question 8

What are suprasegmentals?

Answer 8

Stress, pitch, rhythm, intensity, and sound of the voice.

Question 9

What is linguistics?

Answer 9

The study of the structure and function of language and its rules.

Question 10

What are phonemes?

Answer 10

Shortest unit of sound (p in pad).

Question 11

What are morphemes?

Answer 11

The smallest unit of language; groups of sounds (in come -ing).

Question 12

What is syntax?

Answer 12

The rules for combining words into sentences.

Question 13

What is semantics?

Answer 13

The meaning of language or message.

Question 14

What is pragmatics?

Answer 14

The rules governing use of language in social situations.

Question 15

What is phonology?

Answer 15

The study of speech sounds and its system of rules.

Question 16

What is speech?

Answer 16

The production of oral language through respiration, articulation, resonation, and phonation.

Question 17

What is context?

Answer 17

The circumstances of events that form the environment within which something exists.

Question 18

What is morphology?

Answer 18

The study of the structure of words.

Question 19

Define speech disorders.

Answer 19

Abnormality of speech outside the acceptable range of variation.

Question 20

Define language disorders.

Answer 20

Impairment of receptive/expressive linguistic symbols that affect comprehension or expression.

Question 21

What is etiology?

Answer 21

The cause of an occurrence or disorder.

Question 22

Differentiate between functional and organic disorder.

Answer 22

Functional disorder: no known basis.
Organic disorder: Anatomical, physiological, neurological basis.

Question 23

What is articulation?

Answer 23

Modifying airstream into distinctive sounds to produce speech.

Question 24

What are the articulators?

Answer 24

Mandible, tongue, lips, soft palate

Question 25

What is an articulation disorder?

Answer 25

An incorrect production of speech sounds.

Question 26

What is a phonological disorder?

Answer 26

Errors of phonemes, individual sounds, or combinations are simplified.

Question 27

What is a motor speech disorder?

Answer 27

A result of neurological impairment that impairs speech intelligibility.

Question 28

What are the two fluency disorders?

Answer 28

Stuttering: disturbance in the normal flow of speech
Cluttering: abnormally fast speech that can be unintelligible

Question 29

What is fluency?

Answer 29

Continuity, smoothness, rate in speech production.

Question 30

What are voice disorders or dysphonia?

Answer 30

Loudness, pitch, and quality is outside the normal range.

Question 31

What is aphonia?

Answer 31

Complete loss of voice followed by whispering for communication.

Question 32

What are resonance disorders?

Answer 32

Abnormal modifications of voice passing through the nasal cavity during the production of sound.

Question 33

What is the difference between hyponasality and hypernasality?

Answer 33

Hypernasality: consonants and vowels enter the nasal cavity because of clefts or weakness in the palate.
Hyponasality: lack of normal resonance for phonemes m, n, ng caused by obstruction in nasal tract.

Question 34

Compare receptive and expressive language.

Answer 34

Receptive: what a person understands of what is said.
Expressive: words, grammatical structures, and meanings that a person uses verbally.