Chapter 1: Essentials of Communication Flashcards
What is communication?
Any means through which individuals relate wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, and knowledge to others.
What is a communication disorder?
An impairment in the ability to receive, send, and comprehend messages verbally, nonverbally, and graphically.
What does an SLP do?
Trained in treating, preventing, diagnosing speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing disorders.
What are modalities?
The various ways in which we communicate.
Differentiate between receiving and sending modalities.
Receiving: auditory, visual, tactile.
Sending: verbal, graphic, visual
What is language?
The socially shared code for representing concepts through symbols and a combination of those symbols.
What is prosody?
Voice inflections that help listeners understand the intent of a message.
What are suprasegmentals?
Stress, pitch, rhythm, intensity, and sound of the voice.
What is linguistics?
The study of the structure and function of language and its rules.
What are phonemes?
Shortest unit of sound (p in pad).
What are morphemes?
The smallest unit of language; groups of sounds (in come -ing).
What is syntax?
The rules for combining words into sentences.
What is semantics?
The meaning of language or message.
What is pragmatics?
The rules governing use of language in social situations.
What is phonology?
The study of speech sounds and its system of rules.
What is speech?
The production of oral language through respiration, articulation, resonation, and phonation.
What is context?
The circumstances of events that form the environment within which something exists.
What is morphology?
The study of the structure of words.
Define speech disorders.
Abnormality of speech outside the acceptable range of variation.
Define language disorders.
Impairment of receptive/expressive linguistic symbols that affect comprehension or expression.
What is etiology?
The cause of an occurrence or disorder.
Differentiate between functional and organic disorder.
Functional disorder: no known basis.
Organic disorder: Anatomical, physiological, neurological basis.
What is articulation?
Modifying airstream into distinctive sounds to produce speech.
What are the articulators?
Mandible, tongue, lips, soft palate
What is an articulation disorder?
An incorrect production of speech sounds.
What is a phonological disorder?
Errors of phonemes, individual sounds, or combinations are simplified.
What is a motor speech disorder?
A result of neurological impairment that impairs speech intelligibility.
What are the two fluency disorders?
Stuttering: disturbance in the normal flow of speech
Cluttering: abnormally fast speech that can be unintelligible
What is fluency?
Continuity, smoothness, rate in speech production.
What are voice disorders or dysphonia?
Loudness, pitch, and quality is outside the normal range.
What is aphonia?
Complete loss of voice followed by whispering for communication.
What are resonance disorders?
Abnormal modifications of voice passing through the nasal cavity during the production of sound.
What is the difference between hyponasality and hypernasality?
Hypernasality: consonants and vowels enter the nasal cavity because of clefts or weakness in the palate.
Hyponasality: lack of normal resonance for phonemes m, n, ng caused by obstruction in nasal tract.
Compare receptive and expressive language.
Receptive: what a person understands of what is said.
Expressive: words, grammatical structures, and meanings that a person uses verbally.
