Chapter 3

Question 1

Processing complex information (while driving)

Answer 1

Input > decision making > output > feedback

Question 2

Input

Answer 2

Vision - other senses (hearing, smell, physical sensations)

Surroundings

Situation

Previous knowledge

Previous experience

Question 3

Decision making

Answer 3

Anticipating how events are likely to unfold

Assessing the proposed planfor risk, noting hazards and grading them based on previous experience

Assessing your space, position, speed and gear

Question 4

Output

Answer 4

Take action - make an appropriate response

Question 5

Feedback

Answer 5

Review information and continuously check to modify actions at any time if required.

Question 6

Limitations to processing information at any one time

Answer 6

Reaction time

Errors of perception

Attention span

Memory storage

Question 7

Reaction time

Answer 7

= Decision time + response time

Question 8

Errors of perception

Answer 8

Errors of judgement

Habit and expectancy

Regression effects (in unfamiliar vehicle -pre driving check)

Question 9

What is a hazard

Answer 9

Anything that is an actual or potential danger

Question 10

3 types of hazard

Answer 10

Physical features (Junctions, bends, road surfaces)

Position or movement of other road users (Drivers, cyclists and pedestrians)

Weather conditions (Icy road, poor visibility)

Question 11

Senses

Answer 11

Vision/sight - most important sense for observation while driving.

Hearing - (horn sounds, children)

Smell - (fresh cut grass possible slow moving vehicles)

Physical Sensations - (Vibration, juddering, surface irregularities)

Question 12

Planning - Safer driving.

Answer 12

Observe
Anticipate hazards
prioritise
decide what to do
act

Question 13

Purpose of of the plan to put you

Answer 13

In the correct position
At the correct speed
With the correct gear engaged
At the correct time

-To negotiate hazards safely and efficiently

Question 14

Observation

Answer 14

Scan environment

Looking but not seeing

Peripheral vision

Zone of visibility

Question 15

Anticipate hazards

Answer 15

Anticipating hazards give extra time to react safely

Question 16

Prioritise hazards

Answer 16

Deal in order of importance

Level of danager varies with: 
The hazard itself
How close it is to you
Road layout
Whether the hazard is stationary or moving
How fast you are approaching it

The greater the danger the higher the priority

Question 17

Decide what to do

Answer 17

What you can see
What you can’t see
What you might reasonably expect to happen
Which hazards represent the greatest risk
What to do if things turn outdifferently from expected (coningency plans)

Question 18

Safe stopping distance

Answer 18

Always drive so you can stop safely within the distance you can see to be clear on your own side of the road.

Question 19

Safe stopping distance

Answer 19

Speed 	Stopping Distance
20mph 	12 Meters / 40 Feet
30mph 	23 Meters / 75 Feet
40mph 	36 Meters / 118 Feet
50mph 	53 Meters / 175 Feet
60mph 	73 Meters / 240 Feet
70mph 	96 Meters / 315 Feet

Question 20

Speed and safety

Answer 20

Drivers who drive fast regardless risk of collision is 3 - 5 times greater.

Question 21

Your safety and that of other road users depends on your ability to assess safe speed which depends on

Answer 21

Your driving capability

Your awareness to human factors

Vehicle capabilities

The road and weather conditions

Question 22

Underestimating speed

Answer 22

The difference in detail perceived by your forward and side vision.

Engine, road and wind noise

The evenness of the road

Your idea of “normal” speed

The road - it’s width and whether it is enclosed or open
Your height off the ground

Question 23

Human factors that affect observation and anticipation

Answer 23

Alertness
Tiredness
Physiological e.g medication, illness