Chapter 3

Question 1

The Aufbau principle states that

Answer 1

electrons fill the lowest energy orbital first and fill additional orbitals in order of increasing energy

Question 2

chrödinger’s model of the atom, the foundation of modern quantum theory.

Answer 2

electrons are likely to be found in a certain three-dimensional space around the nucleus, and that space is described by quantum numbers

Question 3

The angular momentum quantum number describes the _

Answer 3

shape of an orbital is represented by the letter ℓ and indicates the subshell.

Question 4

spin of an electron

Answer 4

The electron spin quantum number, ms, describes the spin of an electron. Electrons are described as being spin up, ms=+1/2, or spin down, ms=−1/2.

Question 5

orientation of the orbital in three-dimensional space

Answer 5

The magnetic quantum number, mℓ, describes the orientation of an orbital in three-dimensional space. Because orbitals with the same shape may be able to be oriented in different directions, mℓ is necessary to know how many orbitals are within a subshell.

Question 6

size of an orbital

Answer 6

The principal quantum number, n, describes the size of an orbital. Electrons are likely to be found at some distance from the nucleus; as n increases, the distance from the nucleus increases. Orbitals with the same value of n are in the same shell.

Question 7

The Pauli exclusion principle states that _____.

Answer 7

electrons in the same orbital must have opposing spin

Question 8

Wavelength
Amplitude
Frequency
Speed

Answer 8

(λ, lambda) -
(A) –
(ν) –
– given by frequency x wavelength

Question 9

3 phenomena could not be explained using the Newtonian Wave Model of Electromagnetic Radiation:

Answer 9

Blackbody Radiation
Photoelectric Effect
Atomic Line Spectra

Question 10

Failure:Blackbody Radiation

Answer 10

classical theory does not explain why wavelength intensities peak under heat

Question 11

Failure:Photoelectric Effect

Answer 11

classical theory does not explain why is the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light hits a material.

Question 12

Failure:Atomic Line Spectra

Answer 12

classical theory does not explain why When atoms are excited they emit light of certain wavelengths which correspond to different colors.

Question 13

speed =

Answer 13

wavelength * frequency

Question 14

frequency =

Answer 14

speed of light/wavelength

Question 15

number of photons =

Answer 15

energywavelength / planks constantspeed