Chapter 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

3 states of matter

Answer 2

Solids, liquids, and gases

Question 3

mass of an object is…

Answer 3

a measure of the amount of matter in it

Question 4

A common way to determine the mass of an object is to …

Answer 4

use a balance to compare its mass with a standard mass.

Question 5

Weight refers to…

Answer 5

the force that gravity exerts on an object

Question 6

The law of conservation of matter:

Answer 6

there is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (a chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical change)

Question 7

Two broad categories of matter:

Answer 7

mixtures and pure substances

Question 8

Pure substances may be divided into two classes:

Answer 8

elements and compounds

Question 9

elements:

Answer 9

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes (Iron, silver, gold, aluminum, sulfur, oxygen)

Question 10

compounds:

Answer 10

Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes

Question 11

Mixture:

Answer 11

Matter containing two or more pure substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical methods

Question 12

two types of mixture

Answer 12

heterogeneous and homogeneous

Question 13

mixture: heterogeneous

Answer 13

mixture not having uniform composition and properties throughout - like salad dressing

Question 14

mixture: homogeneous

Answer 14

mixture having uniform composition and properties throughout (also called solution) - like apple juice

Question 15

a molecule

Answer 15

consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds.

Question 16

physical property:

Answer 16

characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition (density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity)

Question 17

Chemical property

Answer 17

flammability, toxicity, acidity

Question 18

A chemical change

Answer 18

always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change

Question 19

Physical Change

Answer 19

chemical composition stays the same but the state of mater doesn’t - wax or ice melting (liting a match, a banana turning brown)

Question 20

Properties of matter fall into one of two categories

Answer 20

intensive and extensive

Question 21

intensive matter:

Answer 21

when the property of a sample of matter does not depend on the amount of matter present (Temperature is an example of an intensive property. If the gallon and cup of milk are each at 20 °C (room temperature), when they are combined, the temperature remains at 20 °C.)

Question 22

extensive matter:

Answer 22

when the property depends on the amount of matter present (The mass and volume of a substance are examples of extensive properties; for instance, a gallon of milk has a larger mass than a cup of milk. The value of an extensive property is directly proportional to the amount of matter in question.)