Chapter 3

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

formation of new species over a long period of time due to diverging natural selection

Question 2

ecological succession

Answer 2

replacement of a group of species by another as env changes over time: change in species structure

Question 3

primary succession

Answer 3

is the colonization of unvegetated areas: no soil
when glaciers retreate
1)herbaceous, grasses, weeds: cover a wide range: created env that allows other species to establish
2)sand dune, withstand high varibility in temperature

Question 4

secondary succession

Answer 4

soil already exists;

abandoned fields; no soil-forming stage

Question 5

climatic climax

Answer 5

when the ecosystem has reached a steady-state; after ecological succession

Question 6

eutrophication

Answer 6

nutrence supply increasing in a water environment

Question 7

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 7

moderately disturbances in ecosystems maintain higher levels of diversity

Question 8

mature ecosystem

Answer 8

a higher level of community organization

Question 9

Human effect on succession

Answer 9

1) more herbaceous plants (weeds)

2) species most effected are specialized in high trophic levels

Question 10

Dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems

Answer 10

they are subject to change and do change over time

Question 11

Gaia hypothesis

Answer 11

the ecosphere is a self-regulating homeostatic system

Question 12

inertia-ecosystem

Answer 12

ability to withstand change

Question 13

resilience- ecosystem

Answer 13

ability to recover to original state

Question 14

invasive species

Answer 14

species that are not in their range and harm the area it is in
fast-growing generalist: bad

Question 15

allelopathic

Answer 15

can inhibit growth of species by putting chemicals into the soil

Question 16

positive feedback loop : Effects of warming on phytoplankton?

Answer 16

Population inc, Sulpher gas inc, causes inc cloud cover and cooling

Question 17

Negative feedback loop: otters

Answer 17

urchens inc, overglaze the kelp, inc otter populations help the reverse imbalance

Question 18

butterfly-effect

Answer 18

the turbulence of butterfly flaps in SA might influence weather in NA

Question 19

synergism

Answer 19

two or more entities work together creating a larger sum: a combination of pollutants magnify effects

Question 20

biotic potential

Answer 20

max rate a species can grow: w/o env resistance

Question 21

r-strategist

Answer 21

lots of kids, early, die young

Question 22

k-strategist

Answer 22

few kids, lots of attention and longer life

Question 23

speciation

Answer 23

when the population has gone through so much change it can no longer breed: due to geographical isolation ect.

Question 24

contemporary evolution

Answer 24

evolution due to human activities: more rapid