Chapter 3 Flashcards
Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH)
Volatile liquid or gas known to be a severe hazard to human health during transportation.
Polymerization
Chemical reactions in which two or more molecules chemically combine to form larger molecules; this reaction can often be violent.
Initial Isolation Distance
Distance within which all persons are considered for evacuation in all directions from a hazardous materials incident.
Initial Isolation Zone
Circular zone, with a radius equivalent to the initial isolation distance, within which persons may be exposed to dangerous concentrations upwind of the source and may be exposed to life-threatening concentrations downwind of the source.
Street Clothes
Clothing that is anything other than chemical protective clothing of structural firefighters’ protective clothing, including work uniforms and ordinary civilian clothing.
Structural Firefighters’ Protective Clothing
General term for the equipment worn by fire and emergency services responders; includes helmets, coats, pants, boots, eye protection, gloves, protective hoods, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), and personal alert safety system (PASS) devices.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Respirator worn by the user that supplies a breathable atmosphere that is either carried in or generated by the apparatus and is independent of the ambient atmosphere. Respiratory protection is worn in all atmospheres that are considered to be immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). Also known as Air Mask or Air Pack.
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Clothing designed to shield or isolate individuals from the chemical, physical, and biological hazards that may be encountered during operations involving hazardous materials.
Evacuation
Controlled process of leaving or being removed from a potentially hazardous location, typically involving relocating people from an area of danger or potential risk to a safer place.
Decontamination
Process of removing a hazardous foreign substance from a person, clothing, or area. Also known as Decon.
Cross Contamination
Contamination of people, equipment, or the environment outside the hot zone without contacting the primary source of contamination. Also known as Secondary Contamination.
Protective Action Distance
Downwind distance from a hazardous materials incident within which protective actions should be implemented.
Isolation Perimeter
Outer boundary of an incident that is controlled to prevent entrance by the public or unauthorized persons.
Defending in Place
Taking offensive action to protect persons in immediate danger at hazmat incidents.
Sheltering in Place
Having occupants remain in a structure or vehicle in order to provide protection from a rapidly approaching hazard, such as a fire or hazardous gas cloud. Opposite of evacuation. Also known as a Protection-in-Place, Sheltering, and Taking Refuge.
Incidental Release
Spill or release of a hazardous material where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel who are not considered to be emergency responders.
Using the four digit ID number or the chemical name allows
Responders to locate the most specific initial action guide
The ERG yellow border pages provide a
Four digit UN/NAID number index list in numerical order
The blue bordered pages of the ERG provide
An index of dangerous goods in alphabetical order by material name
The books orange bordered section is
The most useful because it provides safety recommendations and general hazards information
Left hand page lists
Potential hazards and public safety information
The right hand page provides
Emergency response information
Each guide is designed to cover a
Group of materials that possess similar chemical and toxicological characteristics
The potential hazards section addresses to hazards types under separate headers
Health hazards and fire or explosion hazards. The highest potential hazards is list first
The public safety section provides
General information regarding immediate isolation of the incident site and protective clothing and respiratory protection recommendations
The third section, emergency response describes
emergency response topics, including precautions for incident involving fire, spills or leaks and first aid
Fire section
This section recommends the extinguishing agent to use on large fire, small fires, and fires involving bulk containers
Spill and leaks section
This section provides actions to make in regards to spills and leaks.
First aid section
Th section provides basic steps to help victims affected by hazmat involved
- Calling emergency medical services
- Moving victims to fresh air
- Flushing contaminated skin and eyes with running water
- Avoid direct contact with hazardous material
Awareness level personnel should never
Enter hazardous atmosphere or potentially contaminated areas
Awareness level personnel should not
Handle or touch contaminated or potentially contaminated victims at hazmat incident, even to provide basic first aid
A small spill
Approximately 55 gallons (220 L) or less involves a single, small package, small cylinder or small leaks from a large package
A large spill
More than 55 gallons (220 L) is one that involves a spill from large package or multiple spills from many small packages
The quantity of material spilled or released and the area affected are
Both important
Single most critical factor is the
Concentration of the contaminant in the air
Protective actions are those
Steps taken to preserve the health and safety of emergency responders and the public
If hazardous material are on fire or have been leaking for longer than
30 minutes, this ERG does not apply (green border). Seek more detailed information on the involved material on the appropriate orange border page in the ERG
Some water reactive materials are also TIH materials themselves
Bromine trifluoride, thionyle chlrodie
Table 2 list water reactive materials
Which produce large amounts of TIH gases when the materials is spilled in water.
Table 2 also identifies
The TIH gases produced as a result of the spill
Table 3 initial isolation and protective action distance for different quantities of six common TIH (PIH in the US) gases
- Ammonia (un1005)
- Chlorine (un1017)
- Ethylene oxide(un1040)
- Hydrogen chloride (un1050) and hydrogen chloride refrigerated liquid (un2186)
- Hydrogen fluoride (un1052)
- Sulfur dioxide/sulphur dioxide (un1079)
