Chapter 2 Flashcards
Preincident Survey
Assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs, in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response. Also known as Preplan.
Occupancy
(1) General fire and emergency services term for a building structure, or residency. (2) Building code classification based on the use to which owners or tenants put buildings or portions of buildings. Regulated by the various building and fire codes. Also known as Occupancy Classification.
Transportation Mode
Technologies used to move people and/or goods in different environments; for example, rail, motor vehicles, aviation, vessels, and pipelines.
Container
(1) Article of transport equipment that is: (a) of a permanent character and strong enough for repeated use; (b) specifically designed to facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport without intermediate reloading; and (c) fitted with devices permitting gits ready handling, particularly its transfer from one mode to another. The term “container” does not include vehicles. Also known as Freight Container. (2) Box of standardized size used to transport cargo by truck or rail car when transported over land or by cargo vessels at sea; sizes are usually 8x8x20 feet or 8x8x40 feet (2.5m by 2.5m by 6m or 2.5m by 2.5m by 12m)
Packaging
Shipping containers and their markings, labels, and/or placards.
Manway
(1) Opening (hole) through which a person may to to gain access to an underground or enclosed structure. (2) Opening that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer. This opening is usually equipped with a removable, lockable cover. Also known as Manhole.
Cryogen
Gas that is converted into liquid by being cooled below -130 F (-90C) at 14.7 psi. Also known as Refrigerated Liquid and Cryogenic Liquid.
Oxidizer
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials.
Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC)
Rigid (RIBC) or flexible (FIBC) portable packaging, other than a cylinder or portable tank, that is designed for mechanical handling with a maximum capacity of not more than 3 cubic meters (3,000 L, 793 gal, or 106 ft3) and a minimum capacity of not less than 0.45 cubic meters (450 L, 119 gal, or 15.9 ft3) or a maximum net mass of not less than 400 kilograms (882 lbs).
Dust Explosion
Rapid burning (deflagration) with explosive force, or any combustible dust. Dust explosions generally consist of two explosions: a small explosion or shock wave creates additional dust in an atmosphere, causing the second and larger explosion.
Label
Four-inch square diamond-shaped marker required by federal regulations on individual shipping containers that contain hazardous materials, and are smaller than 640 cubic feet (18 m3). Designed for nonbulk packages.
Placard
Diamond-shaped sign that is affixed to each side of a structure of vehicle transporting hazardous materials to inform responders of fire hazards, life hazards, special hazards, and reactivity potential. The placard indicates the primary class of the material and, in some cases, the exact material being transported; required on containers that are 640 cubic feet (18m3) or larger. Designed for bulk packages.
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
Manual that aids emergency response and inspection personnel in identifying hazardous materials placards and labels; also gives guidelines for initial actions to be taken at hazardous materials incidents. Developed jointly by Transport Canada (TC), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), the Secretariat of Communications and Transport of Mexico (SCT), and with the collaboration of CIQUIME (Centro de Informacion Quimica para Emergencias).
Elevated Temperature Material
Material that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging is (a) in a liquid phase and at temperatures at or above 212F (100C), (b) intentionally heated at or above its liquid phase flash points of 100F (38C), or (c) in a solid phase and at a temperature at or above 464F (240C).
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)
International classification and labeling system for chemicals and other hazard communication information, such as safety data sheets.
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Form provided by chemical manufacturers, distributers, and importers; provides information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures.
CAS Number
Number assigned by the American Chemical Society’s Chemical Abstract Service that uniquely identifies a specific compound.
Bill of Landing
Shipping paper used by the trucking industry (and others) indicating origin, destination, route, and product; placed in the cab of every truck tractor. This document establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a carrier. It serves as a document of title, contract of carriage, and receipt for goods. Similar to Air Bill and Waybill.
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Community organization responsible for local emergency response planning. Required by SARA Title III, LEPCs are composed of local officials, citizens, and industry representatives with the task of designing, reviewing, and updating a comprehensive emergency plan for an emergency planning district; plans may address hazardous materials inventories, hazardous material response training, and assessment of local response capabilities.
Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP)
Plan detailing how local emergency response agencies will respond to community emergencies; required by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and prepared by the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPA).
Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO)
A system of software applications that assists emergency responders in the development of safe response plans. It can be used to access, store, and evaluate information critical in emergency response.
Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER)
This electronic resource brings a wide range of information to the hazmat responder such as chemical identification support, characteristics of chemicals and compounds, health hazard information, and containment advice.
Olfactory Fatigue
Gradual inability of a person to detect odors after initial exposure; can be extremely rapid with some toxins, such as hydrogen sulfide.
Preplanning reduces
Oversight
Confusion
Effort duplication
Results in a desirable outcome
Seven clues to the presence of hazardous materials
- Occupancy types, locations, and preincident surveys
- Container shapes
- Tansportation placards, labels, and markings
- Other markings and colors( nontransportation)
- Written resources
- Senses
- Monitoring and detection devices
Bulk packagings refers
to a packaging, other than that on vessal (ship) or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment.
Criteria for bulk packaging
Maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallans (475L) as a receptacle for a liquid
Maximum net mass is greater than 822 pounds (440kg) or maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (475L) as a receptacle for solid
Water capacity is 1,001 pounds (500 kg) or greater as a receptacle for a gas.
Clues to pressure containers may include the following features
Rounded, almost spherical ends Bolted manways Bolted protective housings Pressure relief devices Pressure gauges
Clues indicating cryogenic containers may included the following features
Contents such as liquad oxygen( LOX), nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, argon, and liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Box like loading and unloading stations attached to transportation containers
Clues to liquid container may include the following features
Flat ( or less rounded) ends on tanks
Access hatches secured with easily removed latching devices
Low pressure rail tank cars may have multiple fitting visible on top
Intermodal, Flexable IBC, and rigid intermediate bulk containers are designed to be stacked
Flexible bladders filled with fluids
Highway cargo tanks will have oval, upside-down horseshoe-shaped, or circular shaped ends with less rounding than pressure tanks
powder pesticide is an example
of a potentially toxic solid
Boric acid and sodium hydroxide are
corrosive solids
Dynamite is
an energy releasing solid
Calcium carbide is a
reactive material that, when in contact with moisture, will release a flammable gas.
Clues to solids containers may include the following features
Transportation containers and systems designed for pneumatic loading and unloading
Open tops on hoppers, bin, or other containers, sometimes covered with tarps or plastic
V-shaped sloping sides with bottom outlets
Excepeted
Expected packaging is only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or environment
Industrial
Container that retains and protects the contents during normal transportation activities such as laboratory samples and smoke detectors
Type A
Packages that must demonstrate their ability to withstand a series of test without releasing their contents
Type B
Packages must demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, and they must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents
Type C
Very rare packages used for high-activity materials (including plutonium) transported by aircraft
Marine vessels transport
over 90% of the worlds cargo.
Break Bulk carriers
may transport a variety of materials in many different containers such as pallets, drums, bags, boxes and crates
Container vessels
transport cargo in standard intermodal containers with standard widths and varying heights and lengths
NFPA 704
Standard system for the identification of the hazards of materials for emergency response
4 digit identification (UN) number must be displayed on the following containers/packages
Rail tank cars Cargo Tank trucks portable Tanks Bulk packages Table 1 material, regardless of quantity Certain nonbulk packages (for example, poisonous gases in specified amounts)
Placards may be found on the following types of containers
bulk packages Rail tank cars Cargo tank vehicles portable tanks unit load devices containing hazardous materials over 640 cubic feet (18m3) in capacity certain nonbulk containers
The hazard class or division number corresponding to the primary or subsidiary hazards class of material
must be displayed in the lower corner of a placard.
Other than Class 7 or the Dangerous placard
text indicating a hazard is not required.
The dangerous placard is for
mixed loads where the transport vehicle contains non bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require different placards.
Labels are
3.9 inch square on point diamonds.
Class 7 Radioactive labels must
always contain text.
The Cargo Aircarft only label
This label is used to indicate materials that cannot be transported on passenger aircarft.
Signal words danger
most severe hazard catergories
Signal words warning
less severe hazard catergories
General caution symbols in mexico are
triangular
General caution symbols in Canada are
round
General caution symbols in US are
rectangular
The EPA requires a warning label on any
containers, transformers, or capacitors that contain polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) which is considered hazardous because it may cause cancer
Vision is
definitely the safest of the five senses to use to detect a hazardous material.
