Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the cell/plasma membrane?
semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
What are the plasma membrane components? What does it look like?
Components: phospholipids and proteins
Looks like: forms a bi-layer. Looks like a phospholipid sandwich
What are the plasma membrane’s main functions?
Isolates the cell from the external environment
Encloses the material inside the cell (cytoplasm)
Selective barrier that controls what passes in/out of the cell.
What is diffusion?
Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration (due to random movement of particles). It is a type of passive transport.
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration to equalize concentrations on either side of a membrane. Water always moves from an area of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration.
How do diffusion and osmosis relate to concentration gradients?
Diffusion moves DOWN its concentration gradient
Osmosis occurs when occurs when there is a concentration gradient of a solute within a solution, but the membrane does not allow diffusion of the solute.
What are the four tissue types found in the human body? What are their basic functions?
Connective: structural support, Stores energy, Fills internal spaces.
Muscle: contracts, help us move
Epithelial: Forms barriers, covers every exposed surface in body, Covers/Lines/Protects
Neural: Carries instructions from one part of body to another . Made of neurons & neuroglia (supporting cells).
What do glands do?
produce secretions
What is the difference between an exocrine and endocrine gland?
Exocrine: release secretions onto epithelial surfaces (exo = external)
Endocrine: release secretions into bloodstream (endo = within)
What are the three types of muscle tissue, and their basic features as listed in the notes?
Smooth: (involuntary): Found in walls of hollow organs like the bladder, intestines, blood vessels
Cardiac: (involuntary): Striations and intercalated discs/ only found in heart
Skeletal: (voluntary); Striated/ used for movement
Intercalated discs
support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue.
Where is neural tissue found in the body?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
What two cell types make up neural tissue?
Neurons and neuroglia
Organelle
specialized structures within a living cell
Plasma membrane
Semi-permeable outer-layer of a cell that contains the cytoplasm and decides what can enter and exit the cell.
