Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are reactants and products?
R: substances or (starting materials) that start a chemical reaction
P: substances that are produced in the reaction
What are enzymes? How do they work?
Enzymes are functional proteins that help chemical reactions happen and give them the boost they need. They are catalysts.
Enzymes work by increasing the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming a part of the product itself. They can assist again and again. Fuel to the fire.
What is a solution/solute?
Solute: the substance to be dissolved (salt)
Solvent: the substance doing the dissolving (water)
Solution: when the solute and solvent are mixed together (salt-water)
What are electrolytes
a soluble (able to be dissolved) compound whose ions conduct an electrical current in solution
Define hydrophilic vs hydrophobic. Give examples of each.
Hydrophilic: a substance that tends to mix with water (water loving)
Example: Phosphate head on a phospholipid
Hydrophobic: a substance that doesn’t mix with water (water fearing)
Example: Hydrophobic tail of a phospholipid
Define hydrophilic vs hydrophobic. Give examples of each.
Hydrophilic: a substance that tends to mix with water (water loving)
Example: Phosphate head on a phospholipid
Hydrophobic: a substance that doesn’t mix with water (water fearing)
Example: Hydrophobic tail of a phospholipid
Know the four macromolecules and be able to give examples of each.
Carbohydrates: sugar (glucose)
Lipids: (phospholipids, cholesterol)
Proteins: amino acids (Actin)
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
DNA (adenosine) and RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
Atom
smallest unit of stable matter which is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons
Molecule
two or more atoms chemically combined
Proton
a positively charged particle
Neutron
particles with no charge. Uncharged particles.
Electron
a negatively charged particle
Cation
positive ion
Anion
negative ion
Metabolism
all of the chemical reactions that collectively occur within an organism
