Chapter 3

Question 1

stages of motor development

Answer 1

1. fundemntal phase

2. specialized movement phase

Question 2

initial stage

Answer 2

characteristics:

• missing elements/improper sequencing of movments within a skill/movement
• little rythmic flow or coordination
• generally the beginning of new skills

Question 3

elementary stage

Answer 3

• exaggeration of skill elements still present from intial stage
• timing and spatial elements show improvement
• physical maturation: has prgressed, therefor performance is more coodinated
• inividuals often will plateu at this level without proper instruction, pratctice, and encouragement

Question 4

mature stage

Answer 4

-to reach children must have exposure to appropriate learning environment, have opportunity to practice , receive effective instruction
-learning can be influenced by motor learning methods at this critical stage
character by:
-mechanically efficient movement performance/execution
-coordinated movement
-controlled movement

Question 5

specialized movement stage

Answer 5

inclusive of the:

• transitional stage
• application stage
• lifelong utilization stage
• must reach mature stage first

Question 6

proficiency barrier

Answer 6

when foundation is not developed

• lack of continued progress
• hinders active lifestyle

Question 7

opportunity

Answer 7

• opportunity to explore movement and to participate is a key factor in developing an active lifestyle
• those who prgress quickly (athletes) tend to have/find more opportunity in movement classes (in/out of school)
• slower progressers: labeled unathletic

Question 8

motor learning theory

Answer 8

• generalized motor program theory- fundemental movement skills
• motor programs created and stored in the motor cortex
• the GMP acts as a blue print for related skills called up for movements that are similar

Question 9

schema theory

Answer 9

-helps us to know how far apart to place our hands in cartwheel, how long our strides need to be to increase our speed to get to finish line in the fastest time possible

Question 10

motor learning: contexual interference theory

Answer 10

• how can we organize the rules of a skill/movement can result in higher learning? : challenge the learner in new ways
• initially performance will worsen/decrease
• teacher/coaches must provide encouragement to help maintain motivation of individuals
• overtime, performance improves

Question 11

CI

Answer 11

methods of CI for structuring practice:

1. blocked/constant
2. random
3. variable

Question 12

blocked/constant

Answer 12

• commonly used
• practice one skill, one way (repeat)
  ex) catch

Question 13

random

Answer 13

• best potential for learning
• reflection of real-life
• practice i structured so that one skill is not repeatedly practiced
  ex) obstacle course

Question 14

variable

Answer 14

-can be used alone, eventually can be used with random practice
one varibale is emphsized
-one variable is manipulated

Question 15

which CI firm is best

Answer 15

blocked/constant for beginners

Question 16

part/whole practice

Answer 16

1. fractionilzation
2. segmentation
3. simplification

Question 17

observing and assessment

Answer 17

• educator: see what studetsn didnt undertsand
• admin: see results of how children are doing
• students:
• parents: