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ANAT 315 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The vertebral column consists of __ vertebrae. There are __ cervical vertebrae, __ thoracic vertebrae, __ lumbar vertebrae, __ fused sacral vertebrae and __ or __ coccygeal vertebrae

A 
30
7
12
5
5
1 or 2
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2
Q

Each vertebra has two main parts, a ___ and a ___ ___

A

Body

Vertebral Arch

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3
Q

The ___ is the weight bearing portion of the bone

A

Body

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4
Q

The bodies articulate ___ with each other via intervertebral discs.

A

Vertically

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5
Q

The discs have an outer fibrocartilage cortex, the ___ ___

A

Annulus Fibrosus

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6
Q

The Annulus Fibrosus is the ___ _____ ____ of the disc

A

Outer Fibrocartilage Cortex

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7
Q

The discs have a pulpy inner core (medulla) called the ___ ___

A

Nucleus Pulposus

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8
Q

The Nucleus Pulposus is the ___ ____ ____ (medulla) of the disc

A

Pulpy Inner Core

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9
Q

The _____ ____ is made up of 4 bony processes

A

Vertebral Arch

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10
Q

2 of the bony the processes, the rounded ____

A

Pedicles

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11
Q

The other 2 are flatter and are called ____

A

Laminae

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12
Q

The arch and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body together create the ____ _____

A

Vertebral Foramen

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13
Q

The vertical cylinder made up of all the vertebral foramen is called the ____ ____

A

Vertebral Canal

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14
Q

___ processes projects laterally from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae

A

Transverse

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15
Q

Transverse processes projects ____ from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae

A

Laterally

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16
Q

The transverse processes serve as attachments for ___ and in the thorax serve as attachments for the ___ via the transverse costal facets

A

Muscles

Ribs

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17
Q

This single process (_____ process) projects backwards from the union of the 2 laminae

A

Spinous

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18
Q

The infravertebral notch and the merging of the superior and inferior articular processes together with the top of the inferior lamina make a ____ when viewed ____; these are called ____ ____

A

Foramen
Laterally
Intervertebral Foramina

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19
Q

The INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA are very important, for it is through these foramina that the ___ ____ exit

A

Spinal Nerves

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20
Q

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

A ____ rupturing in this space, “___ ____ ____” can cause severe neurological problems

A

Disc

A Slipped Disc

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21
Q

The lower 5 ____ vertebrae may be considered typical

A

Cervioal

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22
Q

The ___ (C1) has a much larger foramen than the other cervical vertebrae

A

Atlas

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23
Q

C1 is large superiorly in order to accommodate the equally large _____ _____ on the Inferior skull

A

Occipital Condyles

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24
Q

C1 and Occipital Condyles comprise the

________-_________ _____

A

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

25
Q

A prominent feature of the ____ (C2) is the ____

A

Axis

Dens

26
Q

The dens is held into the anterior part of the foramen by a ligament on the atlas, the _______ _______

A

Transverse Ligament

27
Q

The articulation provided by atlas and the dens is a ____ joint

A

Pivot

28
Q

The _____ joint between the articular processes of the atlas and axis has a large horizontal surface; this joint allows horizontal rotation. Hence these 2 joints allow ____ and _____ rotation

A

Intervertebral
Flexion
rotation

29
Q

The transverse process are remarkable in that they possess a vertical foramen for the passage of the ____ artery and ____

A

Vertebral

Vein

30
Q

Most of the spinous processes (except for ___) are bifid

A

C1

31
Q

The apophyseal joints of the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are oriented _____

A

Coronally

32
Q

The apophyseal joints of the lumbar vertebrae are oriented _____ allowing for the principal movements of _____ and extension

A

Sagittally

Flexion

33
Q

Both the spinous process and the transverse process are ______ and ___

A

Horizontal

Stout

34
Q

There is a row of 4 sacral _____, allowing the passage of sacral nerves

A

Foramina

35
Q 
Curvatures of the Vertebral Column
Cervical - \_\_\_\_ anteriorly
Thoracic - \_\_\_\_\_ anteriorly
Lumbar - \_\_\_\_\_ anteriorly
Sacral - \_\_\_\_\_ anteriorly
A

Convex
Concave
Convex
Concave

36
Q

Of the 4 curvatures, the ____ and _____ are considered primary

A

Thoracic

Sacral

37
Q

Primary curvatures are present in the ____ and secondary curvatures develop ____ _____

A

Fetus

After Birth

38
Q

_____ is excessive curvature in the upper thoracic region

A

Kyphosis

39
Q

_____ is excessive curvature in the lumbar region

A

Lordosis

40
Q

_____ is a coronal malcurvature of the spine to one or both sides

A

Scoliosis

41
Q

Longitudinal Ligaments, of which there are two, run virtually the ____ _____ of the spinal column. They are connected to each of the vertebral bodies, one on the ____ aspect and one on the ___ aspect

A

Whole Length
Ventral
Dorsal

42
Q

______ Longitudinal Ligament - the stronger of the 2 ligaments that runs down the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

A

Anterior

43
Q

The Anterior Longitudinal Ligament is the ____ of the two ligaments and runs down the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

A

Stronger

44
Q

_____ Longitudinal Ligament - runs down along the dorsal aspects of the vertebral bodies in the vertebral canal

A

Posterior

45
Q

_______ _____ join the laminae of the vertebrae. They are deep within the neural arches. They are made up of ____ tissue and thus they can stretch

A

Ligamentum Flavum

Elastic

46
Q

Ligamentum Flavum join the ____ of the vertebrae

A

Laminae

47
Q

__________ _____ connect adjacent spinous processes. They are particularly strong in the lumbar region

A

Interspinous Ligaments

48
Q

Interspinous Ligaments connect adjacent ____ processes. They are particularly strong in the ____ region

A

Spinous

Lumbar

49
Q

_______ _______ connect the tip of one spinous process to another. They make up a cord-like structure running the length of the vertebral column. In the neck, the supra- and inter-spinous ligaments are very much reinforced; in this region, the ligament is called the Ligamentum Nuchae

A

Supraspinous Ligaments

50
Q

Supraspinous Ligaments connect the tip of 1 ____ _____ with another

A

Spinous Process

51
Q

_______ ______ connects the transverse processes with each other

A

Intertransverse Ligaments

52
Q

Intertransverse Ligaments connect the ______ processes with each other

A

Transverse

53
Q

THE NECK MUSCLES include the _____ Capitis and the _____ Capitis, which both take origin from the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebral arches

A

Splenius

Semispinalis

54
Q

The Semispinalis Capitis inserts on the ______ bone

A

Occipital

55
Q

The Splenius Capitis muscle runs obliquely and inserts onto the _____ process

A

Mastoid

56
Q

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLE GROUP
Consists of only the _____ _____. They are 3 parallel sets of muscles running up… the 3 groups, from medial to lateral are _______, ________ and ________

A

Erector Spinae
Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

57
Q

DEEP BACK MUSCLE GROUP

Involves the tiny ______ muscles

A

Transversospinalis

58
Q

The back muscles extend along the entire vertebral column and aid in _____. The deep group also produces localized _____ rotation

A

Posture

Lateral

59
Q

All of the vertebral muscles are innervated by the _____ ____ of the spinal nerves, which exit from the intervertebral foramina at each spinal level

A

Dorsal Rami

ANAT 315 (2 decks)

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